Hot electrons produced by ultra-short pulse laser interacting with solid targets were studied systematically. When 800 nm, 8×1015 W/cm2 laser pulses interacted
One electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal, named SignalⅡslow, originates from the oxidized Tyrosine 160 (YDo) of D2 polypeptide of photosystemⅡ reactio