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目的：观察结直肠癌患者经过化疗后感染病原菌的分布并分析其影响因素。方法选取我院于2013年3月~2015年2月收治的260例结直肠癌患者，采集患者伤口分泌物作为标本并行细菌培养，对病原菌进行鉴定，并对其他可能影响病原菌分布的因素进行分析。结果入选的260例患者中有62例出现化疗后感染(23.85%)，第1次化疗后感染的患者数为28例，第2次化疗后感染的患者数为34例。主要发生感染部位为呼吸道感染33例，消化道感染10例，皮肤及附件感染5例，泌尿道感染9例，其余部位感染5例。进行细菌学分析检出结果见革兰阴性菌占69.35%(43/62)，革兰阳性菌占22.58%(14/62)，所占比例最大的是大肠埃希菌与铜绿假单胞菌(分别为25.81%和14.52%)，手术切口也发生感染，主要受患者体重指数、Dukes分期、是否合并糖尿病及手术类别有关。结论肥胖、是否患有糖尿病及癌症分期等影响结直肠癌患者化疗后感染，以革兰阴性杆菌为主。医院有责任采取措施预防感染。“,”Objective To study the distribution of pathogens from infected surgical incision in colorectal cancer and its influence factor associated with incisional surgical site infection. Methods 260 patients after chemotherapy were involved in this study .The incision of secretion were col ected for bacterial culture to separate and identify pathogens. The suspicious factors such as age, gender, body mass index, diabetes and other complications and tumor stage were used to analysis the relationship between infection and these factors after chemotherapy. Results 62 cases of 260 patients were infected (23.85%). 28 patients were infected after the first dose of chemotherapy, and the remaining 34 cases occur ed within the first two times after chemotherapy. The infection mainly occur ed in respiratory tract (33 cases),gastrointestinal (10 cases),urinary tract (9 cases), skin and accessories (5 cases),and other parts of body (5 cases).Most of the infection pathogens were Gram-negative bacil i (69.35%), Gram-positive bacil i (22.58%).The distribution of Escherichia coli with obesity and diabetes mel itus increased significantly ( <0.05).The incidences of SSI in patients was related to DUKES stage, BMI, diabetes, and operation type ( <0.05),and there was lit le cor ected with the age, gender and tumor type ( ﹥0.05).Conclusion Obesity, diabetes mel itus and tumor staging are the most important factors associated with SSI in colorectal cancer patients. Preventive measures for infections should be taken.