一、引言 1962年,Brain等首头发现了癌与微血管病性溶血性贫血(MAHA)之间的关系。1979年,Antman等发现,癌相关性MAHA大多发生于晚期腺癌,典型的临床特点为溶血性贫血,血小板减少及弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)。因此,也称为癌相关性溶血性尿毒症性综合征(HUS)。同年,Krauss等在用丝裂霉素(MMC)和5—氟脲嘧啶(5—Fu)对处于缓解期的胃肠道腺癌患者化疗时,发现两例病人在化疗后出现了溶血性贫血、血小板减少及肾功能衰竭(肾衰)。随后,类似的报道不断增加,到目前为止已报道了100多例。经研究发现,这种病变不同于癌相关性HUS,它是一种与某些抗肿瘤化疗 I. Introduction In 1962, Brain et al first found the relationship between cancer and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). In 1979, Antman et al. Found that most cancer-associated MAHA occurred in advanced adenocarcinoma. The typical clinical features were hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC). Therefore, also known as cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In the same year, Krauss et al found that patients with remission of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma treated with mitomycin (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) found that two patients developed hemolytic anemia after chemotherapy , Thrombocytopenia and renal failure (renal failure). Subsequently, similar reports have been increasing, with more than 100 reported so far. The study found that this lesion is different from the cancer-associated HUS, which is a kind of anti-tumor chemotherapy