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[目的]了解中小微企业一线员工职业卫生知识认知情况,探讨适合的健康教育模式,更好地指导职业卫生工作。[方法]采用随机整群抽样的方法,在广州市白云区随机抽取40家中小微企业,自制调查问卷,对513名员工进行职业卫生知识认知情况调查,回收有效问卷468份。[结果]对《职业病防治法》有关知识的总知晓率为75.52%;对有机溶剂(苯、正己烷)、粉尘、噪声三大职业病危害因素知识的总知晓率为78.35%。不同性别、年龄、户籍、文化程度、工作岗位、企业规模的员工,以及有无岗前培训企业员工之间职业卫生知识总得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有74.79%员工能够主动去获取职业卫生知识,获取途径多样。[结论]中小微企业内不同特征员工对职业卫生知识的知晓率各不相同,应针对不同的人群,采取不同的途径和内容,宣传职业卫生知识。
[Objective] To understand the cognition of occupational health knowledge of frontline employees in small and medium-sized micro-enterprises, explore suitable health education modes and better guide occupational health work. [Methods] A random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 40 small and medium-sized micro-enterprises in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City. Self-made questionnaires were conducted to investigate 513 employees’ occupational health knowledge and 468 valid questionnaires were collected. [Results] The total awareness rate of occupational disease prevention and cure was 75.52%. The total awareness rate of the three major occupational hazards knowledge of organic solvents (benzene, n-hexane), dust and noise was 78.35%. The total scores of occupational health knowledge among employees with different gender, age, household registration, education level, job position and firm size, as well as the presence or absence of pre-employment training staff were statistically significant (P <0.01). There are 74.79% of employees can take the initiative to obtain occupational health knowledge, access to a variety of ways. [Conclusion] The awareness rate of occupational health knowledge varies among employees with different characteristics in small and medium-sized micro-enterprises. Different people should adopt different ways and contents to promote occupational health knowledge.