论文部分内容阅读
写作实战
版块1(综合文体)
说明文
练习：2008年奥运会即将在北京召开，越来越多的外国游客会到北京旅游。请根据提示写一篇介绍北京动物园的短文。
提示：1．北京动物园是华北地区最大的动物园之一。
2．这里有成百上千种动物，有的还是珍稀(rare)动物。有各种鸟类，有大大小小的猴子，有待人和善的大象，还有国宝大熊猫等等。
3．到北京动物园一游，一定会不虚此行。
记叙文
练习：在你的成长过程中，父母和老师对你帮助很大。请你根据表格中提供的信息，以My Teacher，My Mother或My Father为题写一篇短文，参加校园网英语学习园地的征文比赛。
注意：1．从所给的题目中任选一个。
2．短文必须包括表格内容，适当举例，并谈谈自己的感受。
3．词数：80～100。
4．文中不能出现真实姓名或校名。
议论文
练习：某英语杂志社“中学生专栏”在举办英语征文比赛。请你根据下表所列的内容要点，用英语以"Learn t0 Smile"为题写一篇短文，参加比赛。参考词汇：自信confidence(n．)，confident(adj．)；打败beat(beat，beaten)(v．)
看图写短文
练习：请根据下面的五幅图及所给的四个问句，结合你自己的生活实际，以Save Wa-ter为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。
提示：Why must we save water?What do weuse water for?What will happen if there is no。water?What can we do to save water?
注意：不要逐一回答问题。
版块2(应用文体)
日记
练习：根据以下提示写一篇日记。(1)今天是我的生日，早饭后我和父母一起乘车去长城，一小时后我们到达了便开始攀登长城。两小时后我们到达长城顶，向四周看去，长城像一条龙(dragon)。父亲告诉我长城是世界上的七大奇迹之一，我为此而自豪(feel proudof...)。(2)时间：7月25日，星期日。(3)天气：晴。
书信
练习：假设你叫李玲，是英国中学生露茜的笔友，你收到了她的来信。请根据她的来信内容写一封回信。针对她的困惑，谈谈你的看法，同时提出一些建议，告诉她应该做什么，不应该做什么。
便条
练习：假如你是大卫，星期一早晨因重感冒而不能上学。请给老师写个请假条，告诉老师医生建议你卧床休息两天，并请老师同意。
电子邮件
练习：你的英文名叫Joe，下面是你的朋友John发给你的电子邮件。他在邮件中提到了关于学校准备开办英语学习班的消息，你对此事很感兴趣。请给John回一封邮件，询问有关英语学习班的详情。
提示：1．你对英语学习班很感兴趣。
2．希望可以练习英语，结识朋友。
3．询问英语学习班的上课时间、地点、内容以及费用。
贺卡
练习：明天是母亲节，James准备给妈妈送贺卡。请你帮他写张贺卡。
通知
练习：请以学生会(student union)的名义拟一个书面通知，通知日期为2007年4月2日。通知内容如下：四月四日晚七点半将在餐厅外举办一次露天音乐会(open-air concert)，由北京来的流行歌手演唱。欢迎同学们参加，请自带椅子。
启事
练习：假设你是九年级一班的张大明，在校内捡到了一个书包，请你写一则40词左右的失物招领张贴在校园里，说明捡到书包的时间、地点，对书包作简单的描述，并说明怎样与你联系。
名师导航
版块1(综合文体)
说明文
例文点评
The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing Soon．More and more foreigners willCome to visit Beijing．Now, let me introduceBeijing Zoo to you．
Beijing Zoo one of the biggest Zoos in North China. It has got hundreds of kinds ofanimals,including．some rare animals．In thiszoo you’ll see beautiful birds,playful monkeysand friendly elephants．Besides，you con Seepandas，the national treasures of China,and soon.And they are really cute．
Here，the zoo not only offer you much ani-mal knowledge，but also bring you lots of plea-sure．You won’t feel sorry after visiting it.
简评：这是一篇结构分明、层次清楚、解释得当的短文。如能稍作扩展将会是一篇佳作。
解题点拨
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的文字介绍事物、解释事理的文章。常见的说明文有：解说词、说明书、书文简介、科普小品、内容提要等。
写说明文要力求做到条理分明、层次清楚、语言精练、突出主题、合乎逻辑，具体应注意以下几点：
1．设题明确，涉及的范围要准确。所设的题目太大或太泛，就难以说清楚。
2．提供的事实必须是正确的，同时要按逻辑顺序把它们安排好，通常是由浅入深，由易到难，由表及里，由始至末。这种层次容易让读者接受。
3恰当的例子可以给读者留下具体的印象，特别是讨论抽象的概念或过程时，必要的例子能帮助读者理解文中所讲的道理。
4．要说明一个事物的进行过程，可以把过程分成若干步骤，按进行的先后顺序排列好，司借助first，second／then，third／next，last/fi-nally等表序列的词来引导。
范文展示
Beijing Zoo is one 0f the largest zoos inthe north of China．There are hundreds of kindsof animals in it．Some of them are rare animals． Here we can See many different kinds of birds．which can sing nice songs．There are also bigand little monkeys running and jumping．Theyare very active just like naughty children．Theelephants have long trunks and big ears．Theyare very kind to people．We can See pandaswhich are national treasures of China．Theyhave good manners and are polite to visitors．They interest people very much．
We’ll certainly have a good time here．
记叙文
例文点评
My Father
My father is a policeman．He is thin buthealthy, for he likes doing sports．He alwaystells me“Health is wealth．”
My fother is very kind to others．He often helps people who he doesn’t know．And people say those thieves and bad men are afraid of myfather．They say he is good policeman．
My father is very busy every day．How-ever,as long as has time，he will go to mygrandparents’house and take care of them．Idon’t often see my father at home，but he wouldtake time to encourage me to work harder whenI didn’t get good grades．
I think I hare a good father．
简评：本篇短文描写“我的父亲”，从“父亲”的职业和外貌谈起，围绕“父亲”的善良(kind)和繁忙(busy)两个特点去描写，结尾总结：我有一个好父亲。短文重点突出，个性鲜明，并引用了谚语“健康就是财富”，运用了举例等方法，写得较成功。
解题点拨
记叙文用于记叙过去发生的事件，可以叙事，也可记人。记叙文包括历史传记、游记、报道、回忆录和故事等。
写记叙文的步骤：
1．审题。认真审题、弄清题意、明确要求是解题的起点。写作之前应高度重视提示语中的一切信息，确定以什么内容或形式为主(如是记人还是叙事)，以保证不跑题。
2．抓住要点。在认真审题、弄清题意的基础上，要(1)点明时间；(2)介绍人物；(3)指出地点；(4)阐明原因；(5)叙述事件；(6)告诉结果。选用的词语和句型要尽量用自己学过的、熟悉的、地道的，不要试图创造中式英语，使文章大打折扣。
3．成文。组织材料形成短文，是完成文题的重要环节。写作时要注意句与句之间的有机联系，必要时可利用一些表示并列、转折或递进等意思的连词，有时还可适当分段。
4．检查。通读全文、检查复核并修改错误是不可缺少的一步。检查时重点要看：(1)体裁对不对；(2)内容要点是否有遗漏；(3)语言形式是否正确；(4)结构安排是否合理；(5)书写是否规范清晰，大小写、标点符号是否正确；(6)词数是否符合要求等。
范文展示
My Teacher ．
My English teacher Ms Lee is very kind and easygoing．She helps me a lot．She takes good care of us．She often helps me with my English．When I’m in trouble．she always en-courages me to face my difficulties and givesme good advice．I still remember that once Ifailed an important English exam and was upset．She cheered me up and told me some good ways to improve my English．With her help．I made great progress in English and be-came increasingly interested in it．I’m very,thankful for all that she has done for me．I’lltoy my best to live up to her expectations．
议论文
例文点评
Learn to Smile
There are many unpleasant things in ourlives，like failing an exam, quarrelling with ourfriends or being fooled．Many people would feelsad or even angry when they met these things．In fact，being sad or angry nothing helpful．We should learn to smile to ourselves．Smiling can make us more confident．Sometimes we beat ourselves because we don’t have enough confidence．We should also learn to smile toothers，for smiling can make people closer．Smiling is also a language．It means to be kind,to be friendly and to show respect．It’s a lan-guage we can all understand．
简评：文中第一句话如改成Have you ev-er failed an exam?Have you ever quarrelled with your friends? Or have yOU ever beenfooled?等设问的方式，肯定回答后再接上文开头的There are many unpleasant things in our lives...会更能引起读者的共鸣，并吸引他们继续读下去。上文中“Sometimes we beat ourselves．”改为被动语态“Sometimes we are beaten by ourselves．”语意更为突出。
解题点拨
议论文用来论证一个观点、信念、主张，或批驳与之相反的观点、信念、主张，以便说服和劝导别人，证明自己的观点是正确的。报纸上发表的社论和短评、人们在讨论会上的发言稿以及学生写的论文等，都属于议论文。
议论文由论点、论据和论证三部分组成。
写议论文的步骤：
1．开头。提出要讨论的问题或中心论点，也可先列举现象再点出主题。
2．正文。从正、反两方面开展对论点的论证。在论证过程中要使用有说服力的论据，如：(1)实际现象；(2)个人经历；(3)统计数字；(4)来自权威方面的资料等。将理论与事实结合起来“摆事实，讲道理”，从而达到论证的目的。
3．结尾。回答文章开头提出的问题，或重申你的观点，也是对全文的总结。
中考英语议论文写作注意要做到：论有中心，言之有据，论述全面。
范文展示
Learn to Smile
Smile shows an attitude(态度）t life．In ourlife．there may be something unpleasant．For ex-ample，you fail an exam；or another time，youare misunderstood bv your friends．These un-pleasant things may make you feel bad．Thenwhat will you do?Why not learn to smile?Smiling to yourself can bring back yourconfidence．Sometimes．the greatest enemy isyourself．that’s to say，sometimes，you arebeaten by yourself．We should also learn tosmile to others．It will help us to get closer toothers．So,smile is the most widely understoodlanguage．
看图写短文
例文点评
Save Water
Everyone knows that we cant’t live without water．We drink water.We use water to cookfood and wash ourselves．Water is important．Though there is plenty of sea water，but we canuse water less and less．Because more andmore water has been polluted or wasted bypeople．If we don’t save water now，the last drop of water will be our tear drop．
So,everyone，let’s do something to savewater right now．We can turn off the showerwhile we put shampoo on our hair．After wewash the rice，we can store the water forwatering flowers，and so on.Remember：Savingwater is saving ourselves．
简评：此篇文章能根据要求，以水的重要性和如何节约水为重点，逐层论证并提出“Saving water is saving ourselves．"可以说写得比较成功。但是有个别句子需稍作修改。如：①“We drink water．We use water to cook food and wash ourselves．”改为“We not only drink water,but also use water to cook food and wash ourselves．"更好。②"Though there is plenty of sea water，but we can use water less and less．”改为“Though there is plenty of sea water．the water we can use is becoming less and less．"更好。英语中"though"与"but"不能同时出现在一句话中，从句意上理解后半句应为“我们能使用的水正变得越来越少：the water we canuse is becoming less and less”。
解题点拨
看图写短文一般是根据图画上的内容和关键情节，想像出一个完整的故事。写作时可大致采取以下步骤：
1．细看。仔细观察图画中的情景，正确理解图画的内涵并合理发挥自己的想像力。
2．试写。用自己熟悉的词和句型将观察到的画面内容试写出来。写作时要根据自己的实际水平，扬长避短，力求使表达清楚通顺，符合英语用法习惯。切忌先用汉语编好文句，再逐字翻译。
3．扩联。适当增加一定情节，运用关连词和过渡性词语，把写出来的句子串联成语句通顺连贯的短文。
4．复查。认真结合画面提供的信息，对短文进行检查和修改，注意看上下文是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法是否正确，单词拼写、标点符号是否有误等。
范文展示
Save Water
Water is very important in our life．For example，we brush teeth with water,and farmers use it to water plants．If there is no water．we can’t cook food and can’t put out the fire．In a word，we can’t live without water．We must try our best to save water．We should turn off the shower when we put shampoo on the hair．Also,we should save water by turning off the tap after we use it．So it’s necessary for us to save water．
版块2(应用文体)
日记
例文点评July 25,Sunday,fine
Today is my birthday．I and my parentswent to the Great Wall after breakfast．We tookabout an hour to get there by car．After reach-ing there．we began to climb the Great Wall．Two hours later,we got to the top of the GreatWall．We look around,found that the GreatWall was like a huge dragon．Father told methat the Great Wall was one of the seven won-ders in the world. I really felt proud of it.
简评：这篇日记只是照着提示翻译一遍，有些句与句之间的衔接不太好，如：I reallyfelt proud of it．前可加上Hearing this或When Iheard this等连结性语句来承上启下。学生在写完之后要再读一遍，通过语感在必要的地方加上适当的衔接词像and。besides，notonly...but also,neither...nor等等。(学生们可通过多阅读地道的英语文章来提高语感。)此外，日记的格式也是占分的一项，别忘了把天气情况写在日期的最右侧。
无论写哪类文章都要积累大量的词汇和句型，日记中“We took about an hour to getthere by car．”应改为We spent about an hourgetting there by car．或It took us about an hourto get there by car．描写实景和客观事实时可用一般现在时来表述。We look around．foundthat the Great Wall was like a huge dragon．改为：Looking around，I found that the GreatWall is like a huge dragon．而下句…the GreatWall was one of the seven wonders in the world．中的was要改成is。结尾“I really felt proud ofit.”(我为长城感到骄傲。)如再进一步升华为“我为中华民族感到骄傲”，如：I felt veryproud of our country and our people．Chinesepeople are great！则更好。
解题点拨
日记是把自己在当天生活中经历的有意义的事及所见、所闻、所感记载下来的一种文体。通常以第一人称按日进行记事。(中考英语对英文日记的考查侧重于格式及如何写好叙事类日记。)
日记的格式：
1．日期须清楚地显示于正文的左上角，按月、日、年(美) 星期或日、月、年(英) 星期的顺序；天气情况写在正文的右上角。
2．日记一般无标题，但如想点明日记的内容主题，可在日期的下一行中间书写标题。
3．正文按记叙文的格式书写。由于日记记载的事情通常已经发生，时态通常以“过去时态”为主，但景物描写、议论某事、对话引用通常使用“一般现在时”。
范文展示
July 25，Sunday
Fine
Today is my birthday．After breakfast I took a bus to the Great Wall with my parents．An hour later we got there．Then we began to climb．The Great Wall was built on the top of mountains，so it was very hard to climb．It took us two hours to reach the top of it．On the top we looked around．The Great Wall goes alongthe mountains and looks like a dragon．Dadtold me that the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world．When I heard this．I felt very proud of our country and our people．Chinese people are great!
书信
例文点评
Dear Lucy：
l was glad to get your letter．But I’m alittle worried about you．understand you,because l am a fan of Jacky Cheng．When Iread your letter, I like it was me．But to berealistic，Tom Cruise must have got millions offans like you．I am sure that he does’t havethe time to answer all the letters．He needstime to make movies for his fans, for the world．He also needs time to keep fit and to spendwith his family .Just think，if he couldn’t makeany films，and he became very fat and weak，would you be crazy about him? So if you lovehim,you must respect him,surport him andunderstand him .If you go on doing like this， you will fall behind other students，and you will surely feel sorry for this in the future．
Or maybe you can have a talk with some adults，like your teacher or your parents．They might have experienced the same problems when they were young．
Wish you good luck!
Yours，
Li Ling
简评：这封信从两方面着笔，一是分析问题，二是提出建议，分析得较透彻(引用了自己的亲身经历，更有说服力)，建议合理，应该对读信者有所帮助。
解题点拨
书信是我们用以交涉事物、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的一个重要工具，也是与远方亲戚、朋友互相问候、沟通信息、保持联系或洽谈业务的一种方式。
书信的种类：按文体来说，它可分为正式的和非正式的；按内容来说，一般分为私人信件、社交信件和公务信件。
信封的写法：信封正面的左上角，书写发信人的姓名、地址。信封中央向下依次写收信人的姓名和地址(地址按由小到大的顺序书写)。
书信的写法：
1．信头。用来写明发信人的地址和写信日期，写在信纸的右上角，先写地址，后写日期。
2．称呼。对收信人的尊称语，自成一行写在低于信头一两行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格写起。通常在收信人名字前加上"Dear"，称呼语后用逗号(美国和加拿大英语多用冒号)。
3．信的正文。这是一封信的核心部分，要在称呼下面一行开始。正文内容尽量简明扼要，条理清楚；语言通俗易懂，坦诚礼貌。如果信中涉及的事情不多，可用一段写完。如陈述的事情较多，则分段叙述，每段第一行向右缩进约四个字母。
英语书信中常见的开头语有：
I was very pleased to hear from you．(收到你的来信我十分高兴。)I am sorry it hastaken me a long time to reply your last letterbut…(很抱歉，这么久才回你的上次来信，只是……)How are you getting on with yourEnglish study?(你英语学得怎么样了?)
结尾常用语：
Please write back soon．(请速回信。)Pleasegive my love to your family．(请代我问候你的全家。)I’m afraid I have to stop now，but Iwill write again．(恐怕我得搁笔了，不过我会再来信的。)Good luck to you!(祝您好运!)Allmy best wishes for the future．(祝您一切顺利!)
4．结尾谦称。位于正文下面一两行偏右的位置，第一个词的第一个字母要大写，末尾用逗号。
常见的结尾谦称语：
(1)写给不太熟识的宜用：Yours faithfully(您忠诚的)，Yours truely(您忠实的)，Yours verytruly(您非常忠实的)。
(2)写给上级、长者或老师的有：Yoursrespectfully(您恭顺的)。Very respectfully yours(您恭顺的)。
(3)写给—般朋友、熟人的有：Yours sincere-1y(您真诚的)，Yours very sincerely(您非常真诚的)，Yours cordially(您真挚的)。
(4)写给亲属或挚友的有：Yours(您的)，Ever yours(您的)。Lovingly yours(您的)，Foreveryours(永远是您的),Your loving son/daughter/sister...(您的爱子、女、姐妹……)。
5．签名。即写信人署名，写在结束语下面偏右侧。注：①无论手写或打字的信，都必须用墨水笔亲自签名以表示郑重。②如信首称呼收信人的是全名，写信人的签名也应是全名。
范文展示Dear Lucy，
Nice to hear from you．Everyone has hisfavounte stars and there’s nothing wrong withthat．I understand you．But I don’t think whatyou do is right since you are a student．You’d better read more interesting books and have more sports in your free time．Stop writing to him or watching his films．You may also tell your problem to your parents and teachers．I’msure they’ll help you．Running away to Holly-wood is a wrong idea． Work hard on yourlessons and get ready for the exams．Your fu-ture is in your hands．
Yours，
Li Ling
便条
例文点评 DearSir，
I got 8 bad cold．1 went to see the doctorthis morning,and he said I should lie bedfor two days．I’m sorry that，I con’t go to school today and tomorrow．I hope l can get better soon．Thanks．
Yours，
David
简评：“I got a bad cold”改为I have got a bad cold，指病情仍与现在有关。“I hope I can get better soon．”最好换成能否得到许可"May I apply for a two days’leave?”或删掉。另外，病假条要标注日期。
解题点拨
便条是一种简单的书信形式，常用于熟悉的朋友或同事之间等临时通知、询问或直接留言。它包括：留言条、请假条、借条和证明 等。一般由称呼、正文、署名、日期等组成。
在写便条时应该注意以下几个方面：
1．日期从简。日期多写在正文右上角或写在末尾即署名的下一行(没有严格限制)。
2．称呼、署名较为随意。由于留言条多用于比较熟悉的人之间使用，因此可直呼其名，署名时直接签上自己的名字即可。
3．正文简明扼要。文字简单紧凑并明确无误(正文一般只需两三句话)。
范文展示
Asking for aleave
Monday morning Dear Sir,
I’m very sorry that I cannot come to school this morning because I’ve got a bad cold．The doctor advised me to stay in bed for two days．May I apply for a two days’leave?Thanks．
David
电子邮件
例文点评Dear John,
l’m glad to hear from you．And I’m really interested in the English evening class you mentioned．Like you know，I like English very much．I want to practice my English．I wont to make more friends．Could you please tell mewhen and where the English evening class willbegin, what do they teach and how much is it?
Hope to hearfrom you soon．
Joe
简评：电子邮件的格式相对比较宽松，此篇电子邮件基本完成了题目要求。“Like you know”(像你所知道的那样)应改为As you know才对。“I want to make more friends．”前加上and或also，可使文章衔接得更紧。“Could you please tell me when and where the English evening class will begin．what do they teach and how much is it?”一句过长，出现了宾语从句语序错误，且不易察觉，不妨分成短句，改为Would you please tell me when and wherethe English evening class will begin?Do you know what they teach and how much it is?
解题点拨
电子邮件是当今网络时代问候、沟通、保持联系或洽谈业务的既快捷又经济的一种书信方式。它与用纸笔写的英文书信在内容上相差不多，但结构上更加随意。它由电邮地址、标题、称呼、正文和落款组成。
1.电邮地址。在"From"栏内填入写信人的电邮地址；在“To”栏内填人收信人的电邮地址。
2．标题。要简练而富有特点，填写在信箱地址栏下"subject"一栏中。
(由于篇幅有限，在此不提供电邮地址和标题的具体形式。)
3.称呼。顶格写。
4．内容。要直接明了，尽量使用简单句，以使读信人能轻松理解邮件。
5．落款。居右写(也可以放在最后一行中你愿意的任何位置)，可直接写明是谁写的邮件。
范文展示Dear John，
Thanks very much for the informationabout the English evening class．It sounds veryinteresting to me．You know I want to practisemy English and make some new friends．I thinkthis English evening class will be helpful tome．Could you please tell me a little moreabout the class?When does it begin and howmuch does it cost?Where will the class beheld? Also．do you have any more informationabout what we will do in class?
I’m looking forward to hearing from youas soon as possible．
Yours，
Joe
贺卡
例文点评
简评：母亲节应表示为：Mother’s Day。学生经常将hope与wish弄混，英语中表示祝福时用"wish"，如：Wish you to be healthy．(祝你健康。)Wish you a merry Christmas．(祝你圣诞快乐。)“hope"一般用来表示对未来的期待和希望，如：I hope to see you soon．(我希望不久能见到你。)I hope that it will be sunny tomorrow．(我希望明天是晴天。)所以贺卡中的hope须改成wish。
解题点拨
贺卡的基本结构：贺卡包括称呼、贺词和签名三个部分。
1．称呼。主要是指祝贺人对受祝贺人的称呼。如：To my teacher，前面可不加to，如：Mydear mother。称呼一般在贺卡的左上方顶格写。
2．贺词。主要写一些固定的祝贺节日的用语。如：Happy New Year to you!或Merry Christmas!或Happy Birthday!等。也可根据实际情况写一点简单的表示感谢或良好祝愿的话。
3．签名。祝贺人的姓名写在贺卡的右下方，在姓名前常加上From。如：From yourstudents，From Mrs Green等。
范文展示
通知
例文点评
NOTICE
We will hold an open-air concert outsidethe dining hall on April 4th at seven thirty inthe evening．Some Beijing’s pop singers willsing in the concert．Welcome all of you to come to see the concert．Please bring your chair withyou.
Student Union
April 2nd,2007
简评：此通知用第一句话将通知的事件、时间和地点交代清楚了，要注意先写地点再写时间，时间的顺序应由小到大书写，文中“on May 4th at seven thirty in the evening”应改为“at seven thirty in the evening on May4th”或“at 7：30 p.m.On May 4th”。“北京来的流行歌手”最好译为“some pop singers fromBeijing”，因为"from"常被用来表示祖籍或来源地，如“一个山东人”译为“a person fromShandong Province”。“看演唱会”通常译为watch a concert或enjoy a concert。
解题点拨
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员部署工作、传达事情或召开会议所使用的一种文体。可分为口头通知和书面通知。
格式：
1．标题。口头通知一般用Announcement，书面通知用Notice。为了醒目起见，标题字母常常全用大写字母，如NOTICE。
2.称呼。口头通知有称呼语，如：“Boys andgids”，“Ladies and gentlemen”等，也可用提醒听众注意的词语或句子，如：“(Your)Attention，please!”“May I have your attention，please?”等。为了礼貌起见，口头通知最后一般加一句“Thank you(for listening)!”但书面通知不必如此。
3．语言。通知的语言较为规范，正文要求(时间、地点、有关事宜)准确无误，流畅得体，且经常使用含被动语态的句式。
4．落款。通知的单位名称一般作为落款写在通知的右下角。
5．日期。通常写在单位落款下面或顶格写在最后一行。
范文展示
NOTICE
There will be an open-air concert given bysome pop stars from Beijing．All the studentsare welcome to enjoy it．
Time：7:30 p.m.April 4th，2007
Place：Outside the dining hall
Attention：Please don’t forget to takechairs with you．
Student Union
April 2nd，2007
启事
例文点评
Found
Yesterday afternoon,when，was on myway home，picked up a school bag in theschool yard．It Was dark blue．There were manybooks and an e-dictionary in it．If this is yourbag,please come to Class 1．Grade 9．I will re-turn it to you．
ZhangDaming
简评：学生写作时容易按照汉语思维先写时间，再写事件。英语的习惯是把时间放在事件的后面写，如果想要提前表示强调，可用逗号隔开，即在when 1 was n my way home后加上逗号。“pick up”在英语中表示“把……拾/捡起来”，要想表达“捡到某个东西”要用find(过去式found)。描写所拾到物品的话语应该用一般现在时态，如：“It is dark blue．”“There are many books and an e-dictionary init.”
解题点拨
启事是一种公告性应用文。当机关、团体或个人在有事需要向公众说明或者请求帮助时，可以把要说的事情简要地写成启事张贴出去。要求语言精练。常见的启事有遗失启事(Lost)、招领启事(Found)等。
格式：
1.启事的标题放在正文上方中间的位置。
2．正文的右上角须写明启事的具体日期。
3．在正文中写清楚你所捡到或丢失的东西的名称，寻物启事须写明具体特征。
4．最后要写清楚在什么地方认领以及联系方式。
范文展示
Found
July 1st,2007
A school bag was found on the playgroundyesterday afternoon．It is black and orange,witha lot of things in it．Anyone who lost it pleasego to Class，Grade 9．I’m Zhang Daming．
版块1(综合文体)
说明文
练习：2008年奥运会即将在北京召开，越来越多的外国游客会到北京旅游。请根据提示写一篇介绍北京动物园的短文。
提示：1．北京动物园是华北地区最大的动物园之一。
2．这里有成百上千种动物，有的还是珍稀(rare)动物。有各种鸟类，有大大小小的猴子，有待人和善的大象，还有国宝大熊猫等等。
3．到北京动物园一游，一定会不虚此行。
记叙文
练习：在你的成长过程中，父母和老师对你帮助很大。请你根据表格中提供的信息，以My Teacher，My Mother或My Father为题写一篇短文，参加校园网英语学习园地的征文比赛。
注意：1．从所给的题目中任选一个。
2．短文必须包括表格内容，适当举例，并谈谈自己的感受。
3．词数：80～100。
4．文中不能出现真实姓名或校名。
议论文
练习：某英语杂志社“中学生专栏”在举办英语征文比赛。请你根据下表所列的内容要点，用英语以"Learn t0 Smile"为题写一篇短文，参加比赛。参考词汇：自信confidence(n．)，confident(adj．)；打败beat(beat，beaten)(v．)
看图写短文
练习：请根据下面的五幅图及所给的四个问句，结合你自己的生活实际，以Save Wa-ter为题，写一篇80词左右的短文。
提示：Why must we save water?What do weuse water for?What will happen if there is no。water?What can we do to save water?
注意：不要逐一回答问题。
版块2(应用文体)
日记
练习：根据以下提示写一篇日记。(1)今天是我的生日，早饭后我和父母一起乘车去长城，一小时后我们到达了便开始攀登长城。两小时后我们到达长城顶，向四周看去，长城像一条龙(dragon)。父亲告诉我长城是世界上的七大奇迹之一，我为此而自豪(feel proudof...)。(2)时间：7月25日，星期日。(3)天气：晴。
书信
练习：假设你叫李玲，是英国中学生露茜的笔友，你收到了她的来信。请根据她的来信内容写一封回信。针对她的困惑，谈谈你的看法，同时提出一些建议，告诉她应该做什么，不应该做什么。
便条
练习：假如你是大卫，星期一早晨因重感冒而不能上学。请给老师写个请假条，告诉老师医生建议你卧床休息两天，并请老师同意。
电子邮件
练习：你的英文名叫Joe，下面是你的朋友John发给你的电子邮件。他在邮件中提到了关于学校准备开办英语学习班的消息，你对此事很感兴趣。请给John回一封邮件，询问有关英语学习班的详情。
提示：1．你对英语学习班很感兴趣。
2．希望可以练习英语，结识朋友。
3．询问英语学习班的上课时间、地点、内容以及费用。
贺卡
练习：明天是母亲节，James准备给妈妈送贺卡。请你帮他写张贺卡。
通知
练习：请以学生会(student union)的名义拟一个书面通知，通知日期为2007年4月2日。通知内容如下：四月四日晚七点半将在餐厅外举办一次露天音乐会(open-air concert)，由北京来的流行歌手演唱。欢迎同学们参加，请自带椅子。
启事
练习：假设你是九年级一班的张大明，在校内捡到了一个书包，请你写一则40词左右的失物招领张贴在校园里，说明捡到书包的时间、地点，对书包作简单的描述，并说明怎样与你联系。
名师导航
版块1(综合文体)
说明文
例文点评
The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing Soon．More and more foreigners willCome to visit Beijing．Now, let me introduceBeijing Zoo to you．
Beijing Zoo one of the biggest Zoos in North China. It has got hundreds of kinds ofanimals,including．some rare animals．In thiszoo you’ll see beautiful birds,playful monkeysand friendly elephants．Besides，you con Seepandas，the national treasures of China,and soon.And they are really cute．
Here，the zoo not only offer you much ani-mal knowledge，but also bring you lots of plea-sure．You won’t feel sorry after visiting it.
简评：这是一篇结构分明、层次清楚、解释得当的短文。如能稍作扩展将会是一篇佳作。
解题点拨
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的文字介绍事物、解释事理的文章。常见的说明文有：解说词、说明书、书文简介、科普小品、内容提要等。
写说明文要力求做到条理分明、层次清楚、语言精练、突出主题、合乎逻辑，具体应注意以下几点：
1．设题明确，涉及的范围要准确。所设的题目太大或太泛，就难以说清楚。
2．提供的事实必须是正确的，同时要按逻辑顺序把它们安排好，通常是由浅入深，由易到难，由表及里，由始至末。这种层次容易让读者接受。
3恰当的例子可以给读者留下具体的印象，特别是讨论抽象的概念或过程时，必要的例子能帮助读者理解文中所讲的道理。
4．要说明一个事物的进行过程，可以把过程分成若干步骤，按进行的先后顺序排列好，司借助first，second／then，third／next，last/fi-nally等表序列的词来引导。
范文展示
Beijing Zoo is one 0f the largest zoos inthe north of China．There are hundreds of kindsof animals in it．Some of them are rare animals． Here we can See many different kinds of birds．which can sing nice songs．There are also bigand little monkeys running and jumping．Theyare very active just like naughty children．Theelephants have long trunks and big ears．Theyare very kind to people．We can See pandaswhich are national treasures of China．Theyhave good manners and are polite to visitors．They interest people very much．
We’ll certainly have a good time here．
记叙文
例文点评
My Father
My father is a policeman．He is thin buthealthy, for he likes doing sports．He alwaystells me“Health is wealth．”
My fother is very kind to others．He often helps people who he doesn’t know．And people say those thieves and bad men are afraid of myfather．They say he is good policeman．
My father is very busy every day．How-ever,as long as has time，he will go to mygrandparents’house and take care of them．Idon’t often see my father at home，but he wouldtake time to encourage me to work harder whenI didn’t get good grades．
I think I hare a good father．
简评：本篇短文描写“我的父亲”，从“父亲”的职业和外貌谈起，围绕“父亲”的善良(kind)和繁忙(busy)两个特点去描写，结尾总结：我有一个好父亲。短文重点突出，个性鲜明，并引用了谚语“健康就是财富”，运用了举例等方法，写得较成功。
解题点拨
记叙文用于记叙过去发生的事件，可以叙事，也可记人。记叙文包括历史传记、游记、报道、回忆录和故事等。
写记叙文的步骤：
1．审题。认真审题、弄清题意、明确要求是解题的起点。写作之前应高度重视提示语中的一切信息，确定以什么内容或形式为主(如是记人还是叙事)，以保证不跑题。
2．抓住要点。在认真审题、弄清题意的基础上，要(1)点明时间；(2)介绍人物；(3)指出地点；(4)阐明原因；(5)叙述事件；(6)告诉结果。选用的词语和句型要尽量用自己学过的、熟悉的、地道的，不要试图创造中式英语，使文章大打折扣。
3．成文。组织材料形成短文，是完成文题的重要环节。写作时要注意句与句之间的有机联系，必要时可利用一些表示并列、转折或递进等意思的连词，有时还可适当分段。
4．检查。通读全文、检查复核并修改错误是不可缺少的一步。检查时重点要看：(1)体裁对不对；(2)内容要点是否有遗漏；(3)语言形式是否正确；(4)结构安排是否合理；(5)书写是否规范清晰，大小写、标点符号是否正确；(6)词数是否符合要求等。
范文展示
My Teacher ．
My English teacher Ms Lee is very kind and easygoing．She helps me a lot．She takes good care of us．She often helps me with my English．When I’m in trouble．she always en-courages me to face my difficulties and givesme good advice．I still remember that once Ifailed an important English exam and was upset．She cheered me up and told me some good ways to improve my English．With her help．I made great progress in English and be-came increasingly interested in it．I’m very,thankful for all that she has done for me．I’lltoy my best to live up to her expectations．
议论文
例文点评
Learn to Smile
There are many unpleasant things in ourlives，like failing an exam, quarrelling with ourfriends or being fooled．Many people would feelsad or even angry when they met these things．In fact，being sad or angry nothing helpful．We should learn to smile to ourselves．Smiling can make us more confident．Sometimes we beat ourselves because we don’t have enough confidence．We should also learn to smile toothers，for smiling can make people closer．Smiling is also a language．It means to be kind,to be friendly and to show respect．It’s a lan-guage we can all understand．
简评：文中第一句话如改成Have you ev-er failed an exam?Have you ever quarrelled with your friends? Or have yOU ever beenfooled?等设问的方式，肯定回答后再接上文开头的There are many unpleasant things in our lives...会更能引起读者的共鸣，并吸引他们继续读下去。上文中“Sometimes we beat ourselves．”改为被动语态“Sometimes we are beaten by ourselves．”语意更为突出。
解题点拨
议论文用来论证一个观点、信念、主张，或批驳与之相反的观点、信念、主张，以便说服和劝导别人，证明自己的观点是正确的。报纸上发表的社论和短评、人们在讨论会上的发言稿以及学生写的论文等，都属于议论文。
议论文由论点、论据和论证三部分组成。
写议论文的步骤：
1．开头。提出要讨论的问题或中心论点，也可先列举现象再点出主题。
2．正文。从正、反两方面开展对论点的论证。在论证过程中要使用有说服力的论据，如：(1)实际现象；(2)个人经历；(3)统计数字；(4)来自权威方面的资料等。将理论与事实结合起来“摆事实，讲道理”，从而达到论证的目的。
3．结尾。回答文章开头提出的问题，或重申你的观点，也是对全文的总结。
中考英语议论文写作注意要做到：论有中心，言之有据，论述全面。
范文展示
Learn to Smile
Smile shows an attitude(态度）t life．In ourlife．there may be something unpleasant．For ex-ample，you fail an exam；or another time，youare misunderstood bv your friends．These un-pleasant things may make you feel bad．Thenwhat will you do?Why not learn to smile?Smiling to yourself can bring back yourconfidence．Sometimes．the greatest enemy isyourself．that’s to say，sometimes，you arebeaten by yourself．We should also learn tosmile to others．It will help us to get closer toothers．So,smile is the most widely understoodlanguage．
看图写短文
例文点评
Save Water
Everyone knows that we cant’t live without water．We drink water.We use water to cookfood and wash ourselves．Water is important．Though there is plenty of sea water，but we canuse water less and less．Because more andmore water has been polluted or wasted bypeople．If we don’t save water now，the last drop of water will be our tear drop．
So,everyone，let’s do something to savewater right now．We can turn off the showerwhile we put shampoo on our hair．After wewash the rice，we can store the water forwatering flowers，and so on.Remember：Savingwater is saving ourselves．
简评：此篇文章能根据要求，以水的重要性和如何节约水为重点，逐层论证并提出“Saving water is saving ourselves．"可以说写得比较成功。但是有个别句子需稍作修改。如：①“We drink water．We use water to cook food and wash ourselves．”改为“We not only drink water,but also use water to cook food and wash ourselves．"更好。②"Though there is plenty of sea water，but we can use water less and less．”改为“Though there is plenty of sea water．the water we can use is becoming less and less．"更好。英语中"though"与"but"不能同时出现在一句话中，从句意上理解后半句应为“我们能使用的水正变得越来越少：the water we canuse is becoming less and less”。
解题点拨
看图写短文一般是根据图画上的内容和关键情节，想像出一个完整的故事。写作时可大致采取以下步骤：
1．细看。仔细观察图画中的情景，正确理解图画的内涵并合理发挥自己的想像力。
2．试写。用自己熟悉的词和句型将观察到的画面内容试写出来。写作时要根据自己的实际水平，扬长避短，力求使表达清楚通顺，符合英语用法习惯。切忌先用汉语编好文句，再逐字翻译。
3．扩联。适当增加一定情节，运用关连词和过渡性词语，把写出来的句子串联成语句通顺连贯的短文。
4．复查。认真结合画面提供的信息，对短文进行检查和修改，注意看上下文是否连贯，情节是否合理，语法是否正确，单词拼写、标点符号是否有误等。
范文展示
Save Water
Water is very important in our life．For example，we brush teeth with water,and farmers use it to water plants．If there is no water．we can’t cook food and can’t put out the fire．In a word，we can’t live without water．We must try our best to save water．We should turn off the shower when we put shampoo on the hair．Also,we should save water by turning off the tap after we use it．So it’s necessary for us to save water．
版块2(应用文体)
日记
例文点评July 25,Sunday,fine
Today is my birthday．I and my parentswent to the Great Wall after breakfast．We tookabout an hour to get there by car．After reach-ing there．we began to climb the Great Wall．Two hours later,we got to the top of the GreatWall．We look around,found that the GreatWall was like a huge dragon．Father told methat the Great Wall was one of the seven won-ders in the world. I really felt proud of it.
简评：这篇日记只是照着提示翻译一遍，有些句与句之间的衔接不太好，如：I reallyfelt proud of it．前可加上Hearing this或When Iheard this等连结性语句来承上启下。学生在写完之后要再读一遍，通过语感在必要的地方加上适当的衔接词像and。besides，notonly...but also,neither...nor等等。(学生们可通过多阅读地道的英语文章来提高语感。)此外，日记的格式也是占分的一项，别忘了把天气情况写在日期的最右侧。
无论写哪类文章都要积累大量的词汇和句型，日记中“We took about an hour to getthere by car．”应改为We spent about an hourgetting there by car．或It took us about an hourto get there by car．描写实景和客观事实时可用一般现在时来表述。We look around．foundthat the Great Wall was like a huge dragon．改为：Looking around，I found that the GreatWall is like a huge dragon．而下句…the GreatWall was one of the seven wonders in the world．中的was要改成is。结尾“I really felt proud ofit.”(我为长城感到骄傲。)如再进一步升华为“我为中华民族感到骄傲”，如：I felt veryproud of our country and our people．Chinesepeople are great！则更好。
解题点拨
日记是把自己在当天生活中经历的有意义的事及所见、所闻、所感记载下来的一种文体。通常以第一人称按日进行记事。(中考英语对英文日记的考查侧重于格式及如何写好叙事类日记。)
日记的格式：
1．日期须清楚地显示于正文的左上角，按月、日、年(美) 星期或日、月、年(英) 星期的顺序；天气情况写在正文的右上角。
2．日记一般无标题，但如想点明日记的内容主题，可在日期的下一行中间书写标题。
3．正文按记叙文的格式书写。由于日记记载的事情通常已经发生，时态通常以“过去时态”为主，但景物描写、议论某事、对话引用通常使用“一般现在时”。
范文展示
July 25，Sunday
Fine
Today is my birthday．After breakfast I took a bus to the Great Wall with my parents．An hour later we got there．Then we began to climb．The Great Wall was built on the top of mountains，so it was very hard to climb．It took us two hours to reach the top of it．On the top we looked around．The Great Wall goes alongthe mountains and looks like a dragon．Dadtold me that the Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world．When I heard this．I felt very proud of our country and our people．Chinese people are great!
书信
例文点评
Dear Lucy：
l was glad to get your letter．But I’m alittle worried about you．understand you,because l am a fan of Jacky Cheng．When Iread your letter, I like it was me．But to berealistic，Tom Cruise must have got millions offans like you．I am sure that he does’t havethe time to answer all the letters．He needstime to make movies for his fans, for the world．He also needs time to keep fit and to spendwith his family .Just think，if he couldn’t makeany films，and he became very fat and weak，would you be crazy about him? So if you lovehim,you must respect him,surport him andunderstand him .If you go on doing like this， you will fall behind other students，and you will surely feel sorry for this in the future．
Or maybe you can have a talk with some adults，like your teacher or your parents．They might have experienced the same problems when they were young．
Wish you good luck!
Yours，
Li Ling
简评：这封信从两方面着笔，一是分析问题，二是提出建议，分析得较透彻(引用了自己的亲身经历，更有说服力)，建议合理，应该对读信者有所帮助。
解题点拨
书信是我们用以交涉事物、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的一个重要工具，也是与远方亲戚、朋友互相问候、沟通信息、保持联系或洽谈业务的一种方式。
书信的种类：按文体来说，它可分为正式的和非正式的；按内容来说，一般分为私人信件、社交信件和公务信件。
信封的写法：信封正面的左上角，书写发信人的姓名、地址。信封中央向下依次写收信人的姓名和地址(地址按由小到大的顺序书写)。
书信的写法：
1．信头。用来写明发信人的地址和写信日期，写在信纸的右上角，先写地址，后写日期。
2．称呼。对收信人的尊称语，自成一行写在低于信头一两行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格写起。通常在收信人名字前加上"Dear"，称呼语后用逗号(美国和加拿大英语多用冒号)。
3．信的正文。这是一封信的核心部分，要在称呼下面一行开始。正文内容尽量简明扼要，条理清楚；语言通俗易懂，坦诚礼貌。如果信中涉及的事情不多，可用一段写完。如陈述的事情较多，则分段叙述，每段第一行向右缩进约四个字母。
英语书信中常见的开头语有：
I was very pleased to hear from you．(收到你的来信我十分高兴。)I am sorry it hastaken me a long time to reply your last letterbut…(很抱歉，这么久才回你的上次来信，只是……)How are you getting on with yourEnglish study?(你英语学得怎么样了?)
结尾常用语：
Please write back soon．(请速回信。)Pleasegive my love to your family．(请代我问候你的全家。)I’m afraid I have to stop now，but Iwill write again．(恐怕我得搁笔了，不过我会再来信的。)Good luck to you!(祝您好运!)Allmy best wishes for the future．(祝您一切顺利!)
4．结尾谦称。位于正文下面一两行偏右的位置，第一个词的第一个字母要大写，末尾用逗号。
常见的结尾谦称语：
(1)写给不太熟识的宜用：Yours faithfully(您忠诚的)，Yours truely(您忠实的)，Yours verytruly(您非常忠实的)。
(2)写给上级、长者或老师的有：Yoursrespectfully(您恭顺的)。Very respectfully yours(您恭顺的)。
(3)写给—般朋友、熟人的有：Yours sincere-1y(您真诚的)，Yours very sincerely(您非常真诚的)，Yours cordially(您真挚的)。
(4)写给亲属或挚友的有：Yours(您的)，Ever yours(您的)。Lovingly yours(您的)，Foreveryours(永远是您的),Your loving son/daughter/sister...(您的爱子、女、姐妹……)。
5．签名。即写信人署名，写在结束语下面偏右侧。注：①无论手写或打字的信，都必须用墨水笔亲自签名以表示郑重。②如信首称呼收信人的是全名，写信人的签名也应是全名。
范文展示Dear Lucy，
Nice to hear from you．Everyone has hisfavounte stars and there’s nothing wrong withthat．I understand you．But I don’t think whatyou do is right since you are a student．You’d better read more interesting books and have more sports in your free time．Stop writing to him or watching his films．You may also tell your problem to your parents and teachers．I’msure they’ll help you．Running away to Holly-wood is a wrong idea． Work hard on yourlessons and get ready for the exams．Your fu-ture is in your hands．
Yours，
Li Ling
便条
例文点评 DearSir，
I got 8 bad cold．1 went to see the doctorthis morning,and he said I should lie bedfor two days．I’m sorry that，I con’t go to school today and tomorrow．I hope l can get better soon．Thanks．
Yours，
David
简评：“I got a bad cold”改为I have got a bad cold，指病情仍与现在有关。“I hope I can get better soon．”最好换成能否得到许可"May I apply for a two days’leave?”或删掉。另外，病假条要标注日期。
解题点拨
便条是一种简单的书信形式，常用于熟悉的朋友或同事之间等临时通知、询问或直接留言。它包括：留言条、请假条、借条和证明 等。一般由称呼、正文、署名、日期等组成。
在写便条时应该注意以下几个方面：
1．日期从简。日期多写在正文右上角或写在末尾即署名的下一行(没有严格限制)。
2．称呼、署名较为随意。由于留言条多用于比较熟悉的人之间使用，因此可直呼其名，署名时直接签上自己的名字即可。
3．正文简明扼要。文字简单紧凑并明确无误(正文一般只需两三句话)。
范文展示
Asking for aleave
Monday morning Dear Sir,
I’m very sorry that I cannot come to school this morning because I’ve got a bad cold．The doctor advised me to stay in bed for two days．May I apply for a two days’leave?Thanks．
David
电子邮件
例文点评Dear John,
l’m glad to hear from you．And I’m really interested in the English evening class you mentioned．Like you know，I like English very much．I want to practice my English．I wont to make more friends．Could you please tell mewhen and where the English evening class willbegin, what do they teach and how much is it?
Hope to hearfrom you soon．
Joe
简评：电子邮件的格式相对比较宽松，此篇电子邮件基本完成了题目要求。“Like you know”(像你所知道的那样)应改为As you know才对。“I want to make more friends．”前加上and或also，可使文章衔接得更紧。“Could you please tell me when and where the English evening class will begin．what do they teach and how much is it?”一句过长，出现了宾语从句语序错误，且不易察觉，不妨分成短句，改为Would you please tell me when and wherethe English evening class will begin?Do you know what they teach and how much it is?
解题点拨
电子邮件是当今网络时代问候、沟通、保持联系或洽谈业务的既快捷又经济的一种书信方式。它与用纸笔写的英文书信在内容上相差不多，但结构上更加随意。它由电邮地址、标题、称呼、正文和落款组成。
1.电邮地址。在"From"栏内填入写信人的电邮地址；在“To”栏内填人收信人的电邮地址。
2．标题。要简练而富有特点，填写在信箱地址栏下"subject"一栏中。
(由于篇幅有限，在此不提供电邮地址和标题的具体形式。)
3.称呼。顶格写。
4．内容。要直接明了，尽量使用简单句，以使读信人能轻松理解邮件。
5．落款。居右写(也可以放在最后一行中你愿意的任何位置)，可直接写明是谁写的邮件。
范文展示Dear John，
Thanks very much for the informationabout the English evening class．It sounds veryinteresting to me．You know I want to practisemy English and make some new friends．I thinkthis English evening class will be helpful tome．Could you please tell me a little moreabout the class?When does it begin and howmuch does it cost?Where will the class beheld? Also．do you have any more informationabout what we will do in class?
I’m looking forward to hearing from youas soon as possible．
Yours，
Joe
贺卡
例文点评
简评：母亲节应表示为：Mother’s Day。学生经常将hope与wish弄混，英语中表示祝福时用"wish"，如：Wish you to be healthy．(祝你健康。)Wish you a merry Christmas．(祝你圣诞快乐。)“hope"一般用来表示对未来的期待和希望，如：I hope to see you soon．(我希望不久能见到你。)I hope that it will be sunny tomorrow．(我希望明天是晴天。)所以贺卡中的hope须改成wish。
解题点拨
贺卡的基本结构：贺卡包括称呼、贺词和签名三个部分。
1．称呼。主要是指祝贺人对受祝贺人的称呼。如：To my teacher，前面可不加to，如：Mydear mother。称呼一般在贺卡的左上方顶格写。
2．贺词。主要写一些固定的祝贺节日的用语。如：Happy New Year to you!或Merry Christmas!或Happy Birthday!等。也可根据实际情况写一点简单的表示感谢或良好祝愿的话。
3．签名。祝贺人的姓名写在贺卡的右下方，在姓名前常加上From。如：From yourstudents，From Mrs Green等。
范文展示
通知
例文点评
NOTICE
We will hold an open-air concert outsidethe dining hall on April 4th at seven thirty inthe evening．Some Beijing’s pop singers willsing in the concert．Welcome all of you to come to see the concert．Please bring your chair withyou.
Student Union
April 2nd,2007
简评：此通知用第一句话将通知的事件、时间和地点交代清楚了，要注意先写地点再写时间，时间的顺序应由小到大书写，文中“on May 4th at seven thirty in the evening”应改为“at seven thirty in the evening on May4th”或“at 7：30 p.m.On May 4th”。“北京来的流行歌手”最好译为“some pop singers fromBeijing”，因为"from"常被用来表示祖籍或来源地，如“一个山东人”译为“a person fromShandong Province”。“看演唱会”通常译为watch a concert或enjoy a concert。
解题点拨
通知是上级对下级、组织对成员部署工作、传达事情或召开会议所使用的一种文体。可分为口头通知和书面通知。
格式：
1．标题。口头通知一般用Announcement，书面通知用Notice。为了醒目起见，标题字母常常全用大写字母，如NOTICE。
2.称呼。口头通知有称呼语，如：“Boys andgids”，“Ladies and gentlemen”等，也可用提醒听众注意的词语或句子，如：“(Your)Attention，please!”“May I have your attention，please?”等。为了礼貌起见，口头通知最后一般加一句“Thank you(for listening)!”但书面通知不必如此。
3．语言。通知的语言较为规范，正文要求(时间、地点、有关事宜)准确无误，流畅得体，且经常使用含被动语态的句式。
4．落款。通知的单位名称一般作为落款写在通知的右下角。
5．日期。通常写在单位落款下面或顶格写在最后一行。
范文展示
NOTICE
There will be an open-air concert given bysome pop stars from Beijing．All the studentsare welcome to enjoy it．
Time：7:30 p.m.April 4th，2007
Place：Outside the dining hall
Attention：Please don’t forget to takechairs with you．
Student Union
April 2nd，2007
启事
例文点评
Found
Yesterday afternoon,when，was on myway home，picked up a school bag in theschool yard．It Was dark blue．There were manybooks and an e-dictionary in it．If this is yourbag,please come to Class 1．Grade 9．I will re-turn it to you．
ZhangDaming
简评：学生写作时容易按照汉语思维先写时间，再写事件。英语的习惯是把时间放在事件的后面写，如果想要提前表示强调，可用逗号隔开，即在when 1 was n my way home后加上逗号。“pick up”在英语中表示“把……拾/捡起来”，要想表达“捡到某个东西”要用find(过去式found)。描写所拾到物品的话语应该用一般现在时态，如：“It is dark blue．”“There are many books and an e-dictionary init.”
解题点拨
启事是一种公告性应用文。当机关、团体或个人在有事需要向公众说明或者请求帮助时，可以把要说的事情简要地写成启事张贴出去。要求语言精练。常见的启事有遗失启事(Lost)、招领启事(Found)等。
格式：
1.启事的标题放在正文上方中间的位置。
2．正文的右上角须写明启事的具体日期。
3．在正文中写清楚你所捡到或丢失的东西的名称，寻物启事须写明具体特征。
4．最后要写清楚在什么地方认领以及联系方式。
范文展示
Found
July 1st,2007
A school bag was found on the playgroundyesterday afternoon．It is black and orange,witha lot of things in it．Anyone who lost it pleasego to Class，Grade 9．I’m Zhang Daming．