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以长江三峡区间沿渡河流域为例,采用HEC-HMS水文模型系统为模拟工具,基于流域下垫面特征和水动力条件提出了一种分布式单位线方法,并应用于降雨径流过程模拟。以自然分水线划分子流域,基于DEM数据和GIS工具提取河网水系特征。采用7种模型评估指标,分别从总量平衡,过程拟合,高水流量和低水流量4个角度评判模型的模拟效果及精度,并给出了模型模拟结果的量化统计指标。模拟结果表明:25场洪水中,洪峰流量相对误差小于20%的有80%,径流深相对误差小于20%的有96%,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数大于0.8的有84%。由此可知,提出的分布式汇流方法可有效利用流域下垫面特征和GIS工具提取模型参数信息,适应于无资料流域的降雨径流过程模拟应用。
Taking the Yanduhe River Basin in the Three Gorges section of the Yangtze River as an example, a distributed unit-line method based on the underlying surface features and hydrodynamic conditions of the HEC-HMS hydrological model system was used as a simulation tool and applied to the simulation of rainfall-runoff process. Sub-watersheds are divided by natural watersheds, and river network characteristics are extracted based on DEM data and GIS tools. Seven kinds of models were used to evaluate the indicators. The simulation results and accuracy of the model were evaluated respectively from the aspects of total balance, process fitting, high water flow and low water flow. The quantitative statistical indexes of model simulation results were also given. The simulation results show that the relative error of flood peak is 80% less than 20%, the relative error of runoff is less than 20%, and the efficiency coefficient of Nash-Sutcliffe is 84% higher than 0.8. It can be seen that the proposed distributed confluence method can effectively utilize the characteristics of underlying surface and GIS tools to extract model parameters and adapt to the application of rainfall-runoff process simulation in non-data-driven watershed.