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在和老乡评土时,常提及某土“口松”,某土“口紧”,并将土壤的这种“口松”“口紧”的性状统称之为“口性”。这个概念是我国北方农民在千百年生产实践中总结并流传下来的。它生动地反映了土壤的农业生产性状。在老乡的心目中,不同口性的土壤,其耕性不同。相应地,水分和养分状况,宜种作物的种类及其产量品质都有所差异。 在京郊普查中,我们注意了这一问题。随后,又在密云县城关公社,我校农场和我校实验站三地进行了访问调查。反复学习了农民对土壤“口性”的认识和划分方法,并结合进行了若干室内和田间分析。其目的在于查明这个来自生产,来自农民的土壤农业性状的科学含意和内容,探索其划分方法,为控制和改良土壤的这一重要农业性状打下基础。 (一)农民对土壤“口性”的划分 在每一个访问点上,农民都用对比的方法将这一地区的土壤“口性”分成几级,如密云县城关公社土壤比较复杂,农民将土壤“口性”划分成八级,而农大农场和实验站均分成三级。通过和农民多次讨论,并参考各项分析结果后,初步将京郊土壤的“口性”分成五级,即“口极紧”、“口紧”、“口合适”、
When evaluating the soil with his fellow villagers, he often referred to the “loose mouth” of a certain soil and the “tight mouth” of a certain soil, and referred to the “oral sex” as such “loose mouth” and “tight mouth” traits of the soil. This concept is summarized and passed down by peasants in northern China in the practice of thousands of years of production. It vividly reflects the soil’s agricultural production traits. In the eyes of fellow, different mouthfuls of soil, its tilling is different. Correspondingly, the moisture and nutrient status, the type of crop to be planted and the quality of its yield vary. In the Beijing suburbs census, we paid attention to this issue. Subsequently, again in Miyun County commune, our school farms and our school experimental station three conducted a survey. Repeatedly studied farmers’ understanding of the soil “mouth” and the division of methods, combined with a number of indoor and field analysis. Its purpose is to ascertain the scientific implications and content of this agricultural trait from production and from farmers, to explore ways to classify them and to lay the groundwork for the control and improvement of this important agricultural trait. (I) Farmers’ Division of “Orality” of Soil At each visit point, peasants use comparative methods to divide the “mouthiness” of the soil in this area into several grades. For example, the soil of the commune in Miyun County is relatively complex, Soil “mouth” is divided into eight levels, and farms and experimental stations are divided into three levels. After many discussions with peasants and with reference to the results of the analyzes, the “oral sex” of the soil in the suburbs of Beijing was initially divided into five levels: “extremely tight mouth,” “tight mouth,” "proper mouth,