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空中交通管制中的通讯是采用无线电、计算机以及电话等手段将空域系统的各个部分有机的联系在一起,在整个空中交通管制工作中起着重要的枢纽作用。ATC的运行同通讯有着密切的联系,就地-空通讯而言,通讯质量的好坏直接影响ATC运行效率和质量。据有关权威机构对航空事故原因调查显示,由通讯问题是造成空中交通管制操作失误后发生航空事故的主要原因。一般而言,通讯问题是根据问题的起因和结果进行分类的。比如,在指挥飞机时,管制员术语不清楚会导致反馈不正确,飞行员因管制员所要表达的意思不明白而作出错误的动作,导致空中航空事故发生。不过,空中交通管制通讯问题中的反馈不正确并不局限于管制员术语不清楚一种因素,还包括指令传输过程中受到传输噪音干扰、指令模糊以及飞行员注意力不集中等等。为了能够保证空中交通管制ATC的正常运行,我们需要对导致通讯问题的原因进行分析,并提出有效的问题解决对策。
Air traffic control communication is the use of radio, computer and telephone and other means all parts of the airspace system organically linked throughout the air traffic control work plays an important pivotal role. The operation of ATC is closely related to communication. In terms of local-air communication, the quality of communication directly affects the operation efficiency and quality of ATC. According to a survey conducted by the relevant authoritative agencies on the causes of aviation accidents, the main reason for the occurrence of aviation accidents after the air traffic control operation was mistakenly caused by the communication problem. In general, communication problems are categorized based on the causes and consequences of the problem. For example, unclear terminology could lead to incorrect feedback when commanding an aircraft. Pilots made the wrong move because the controllers did not understand what they meant and led to the air accident. However, the incorrect feedback in air traffic control communications is not limited to one aspect of the controller’s unclear terminology, but also to transmission noise, command obfuscation and pilot inattention during command transmission. In order to ensure the normal operation of Air Traffic Control ATC, we need to analyze the causes of communication problems and propose effective solutions to the problems.