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以四个在环境监测中比较有代表性的纤毛虫属－游仆虫属、尾柱虫属、棘尾虫属和伪角毛虫属纤毛虫(Euplotes, Urostyla, Stylonychia, Pseudokeronopsis)为材料,对其16s小亚基核糖体RNA(16s－like Small Subunit rRNA,SSrRNA)基因进行序列测定,并与其他种腹毛目纤毛虫相比较,以美国赭虫(Blepharisma americanum)为外群构建系统进化树.结果显示:游仆虫属最先从腹毛目纤毛虫中分化出来,尾柱虫属(Urostyla)与全列虫属(Holosticha)纤毛虫亲缘关系较近.贻贝棘尾虫(Stylonychia mytilus)和浮萍棘尾虫(Stylonychia lenmae)是姊妹种,在外观上及其相似,但可以用构建进化树的方法从分子角度加以区分.从构建的进化树拓扑结构上可知,红色伪角毛虫与全列虫科种类的亲缘关系较近,与尾柱虫科种类的亲缘关系较远.“,”The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera (Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis), which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Euplotes appeared as an early branching group whose divergence from the hypotrichous line at a deep level was strongly supported by parsimony and matrix analyses. The analyses also supported the hypothesis that there were closely relationship between species in Urostyla and Holosticha. The sibling species Stylonychia mytilus and S. lemnae could be separated by the evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, Pseudokeronopsis rubra had relatively more closely relationship with the species in Holostichidae than that in Urostylidae based on the evolutionary distance value.