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目的探讨颅脑病变继发肺感染的危险因素及其特点。方法对485例住院的中青年颅脑病变患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果中青年颅脑病变后发生肺感染率13.2%,远高于全院同期、同年龄组其他疾病患者继发肺感染率1.23%;其中脑出血继发肺感染率19.05%,脑外伤16.67%,脑梗死5.99%,出血性与缺血性疾病继发肺感染率的差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。意识障碍者继发肺感染率17.74%,远高于清醒患者的3.8%,两者差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);机械通气继发率18.61%,高于自主呼吸患者8.27%,两者差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);肢体瘫痪继发率15.65%,高于无瘫痪患者8.72%,两者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论颅脑病变患者是继发肺感染的高危人群,其中出血性疾病、意识障碍、机械通气及肢体瘫痪是主要的危险因素,应重点预防。
Objective To explore the risk factors and characteristics of secondary lung infection in patients with craniocerebral disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the medical records of 485 young and middle-aged patients with craniocerebral disease. Results The prevalence of pulmonary infection in young and middle-aged patients with craniocerebral lesions was 13.2%, much higher than that in the same period of the same hospital. The rates of secondary pulmonary infection were 1.23% in patients with other diseases of the same age group. Incidence of secondary lung infection was 19.05%, 16.67% , Cerebral infarction 5.99%, hemorrhagic and ischemic disease secondary pulmonary infection rate difference was extremely significant (P <0.01). The rate of secondary pulmonary infection in conscious persons was 17.74%, much higher than that in awake patients (3.8%), the difference was significant (P <0.01). The rate of mechanical ventilation was 18.61%, higher than that of spontaneous breathing patients (P <0.01). The incidence of paralysis was 15.65%, higher than that of patients without paralysis (8.72%), the difference was significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Patients with craniocerebral disease are the high risk of secondary pulmonary infection. Among them, hemorrhagic disease, disturbance of consciousness, mechanical ventilation and limb paralysis are the main risk factors and should be focused on prevention.