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为了能够在交通供求不剧烈波动且调节变量调节幅度不太大的前提下将其调控至均衡状态,解决当前普遍存在的交通供求非均衡问题,将道路网络系统视为一个经济系统,通过对出行需求方和供给方的定义,构建了城市居民出行市场。在出行市场中,针对OD对定义了出行需求函数和出行供给函数,所定义的供求函数具有共同的价格调节变量,区别于传统的交通供求函数具有不同调节变量的情况。经济学非均衡理论认为只有通过价格和数量的共同调节才能使供求关系更好地趋向于均衡状态,基于此考虑价格和数量同时对交通供求所产生的影响,构建了更加符合实际的非均衡出行市场模型。运用动态规划方法分析了价格和数量作为共同的调节变量对非均衡出行市场供求关系的调控机制,获得了相应的最优调节律并演示了不同最优调节律对交通供求的调节作用。研究结果表明:非均衡出行市场模型中交通供求函数采用了共同的价格和数量调节变量,因此可以在同一坐标体系下研究价格和数量对交通供求关系的相互调节作用;单一的最优价格调节或单一的最优数量调节均为最优价格-数量调节在极端情况下的特例;相较于单一的最优价格调节或单一的最优数量调节,通过最优价格-数量调节确实能够更好地调节交通供求关系,达到均衡状态。
In order to be able to regulate and control the supply and demand in the condition of not violent fluctuations in supply and demand and the adjustment of regulatory variables is not too large to solve the current imbalance in supply and demand of the current prevalence of the road network system as an economic system through travel Demand and supply side of the definition of the construction of urban residents travel market. In the travel market, the travel demand function and the travel supply function are defined for the OD pair. The defined supply-demand function has a common price-adjusted variable, which is different from the traditional case where the transport supply-demand function has different adjustment variables. Economic disequilibrium theory holds that supply and demand can be balanced to a better equilibrium only through co-regulation of price and quantity. Based on this, considering the impact of both price and quantity on traffic supply and demand, a more realistic non-equilibrium travel is constructed Market model. The dynamic programming method is used to analyze the regulation of price and quantity as a common control variable on the supply and demand of unbalanced travel market. Corresponding optimal regulation laws are obtained and the regulation of different optimal regulation laws on supply and demand is also demonstrated. The results show that the traffic supply and demand functions in the unbalanced travel market model adopt common price and quantity adjustment variables, so that the interaction between price and quantity on traffic supply and demand can be studied under the same coordinate system. The single optimal price adjustment or A single optimal quantity adjustment is the best price - a special case of quantity adjustment in extreme cases; indeed, the best price-quantity adjustment can be better than a single optimal price adjustment or a single optimal quantity adjustment Adjust the traffic supply and demand, to achieve a balanced state.