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目的了解我国近年中毒事故现状及发生原因,为制定管理对策提供科学依据。方法以中毒事故为检索关键词,对2002—2012年11年间期刊发表的中毒事故进行系统检索与分析。结果收集11年间期刊发表的中毒事故129起,中毒917例,其中死亡81例,各年间中毒人数与死亡人数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),变化无线性趋势(P>0.05)。共涉及55种有毒物品,事故主要发生在化工、金属加工、食品加工、建筑、废品回收、污水处理、仓储等行业。所致事故发生频次从高到低的有毒物品依次为硫化氢、一氧化碳、砷化氢中毒等,引起中毒人数较多的有毒物品依次为光气、硫化氢、二甲基酰胺、氨气、一氧化碳、溴气、砷化氢、三氯甲烷等。事故由违规操作、通风情况差引起的有92起,占71.3%;由不佩戴防护用品引起的有82起,占63.6%。结论导致中毒事故发生的有毒物品种类多,行业分布广泛,企业防护设施缺失或落后,管理者和工人防护意识差,事故可能波及非职业人群,需对有毒物品、企业及作业人员进行规范管理,以减少中毒事故的发生。
Objective To understand the status quo and causes of poisoning accidents in China in recent years and provide a scientific basis for formulating management strategies. Methods The poisoning accident was taken as the key word to systematically search and analyze the poisoning accidents published in journals from 2002 to 2012. Results A total of 129 poisoning accidents were reported in 11 years, including 917 cases of poisoning and 81 cases of poisoning. There was no significant difference between the number of poisoning and the number of deaths in each year (P> 0.05) ). A total of 55 kinds of toxic substances involved in the accident occurred mainly in the chemical industry, metal processing, food processing, construction, waste recycling, sewage treatment, storage and other industries. The highest frequency of accidents was followed by hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and arsine poisoning. The toxic substances with more poisoning were phosgene, hydrogen sulfide, dimethylamide, ammonia, carbon monoxide , Bromine gas, arsine, chloroform and so on. Accidents were caused by irregularities and poor ventilation with 92 incidents, accounting for 71.3%; 82 incursions without protective equipment, accounting for 63.6%. CONCLUSION: The types of toxic substances that cause poisoning accidents are numerous, the industries are widely distributed, the protective facilities of enterprises are missing or out of control, the awareness of managers and workers is poor and the accidents may affect non-occupational groups, and the noxious items, enterprises and workers need to be regulated, To reduce the incidence of poisoning.