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胎儿-新生儿过渡期间机体为了适应宫外的生活需进行许多重要的生理功能调整。出生后在脐带结扎的同时,胎盘停止血液及能量供应,而暴露于空气则促使肺通气功能建立,从而引发呼吸、循环、内分泌及基础代谢等方面的一系列改变。这些生理转变过程体现为心率、血压、血氧饱和度、体温等生理指标的改变,因此观测这些指标的变化可以为临床新生儿疾病的预防、诊断及治疗提供参考。文章综述胎儿-新生儿过渡期间的肺功能、循环系统、内分泌和基础代谢的转变过程及生理指标的改变及意义,以及异常的胎儿-新生儿过渡和过渡期间的干预措施。
Fetal - neonatal transition period in order to adapt to the life of the uterus, there are many important physiological functions need to be adjusted. After birth, the umbilical cord ligation, the placenta to stop the blood and energy supply, while exposure to the air is to promote the establishment of pulmonary ventilation, triggering a series of changes in respiration, circulation, endocrine and basal metabolism. These physiological changes reflect the changes of physiological indexes such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Therefore, observing the changes of these indexes can provide reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of clinical neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the changes and implications of lung function, circulatory system, endocrine and basal metabolic changes and their physiological significance during the fetal-neonatal transition, as well as the abnormal fetal-neonatal transition and transitional interventions.