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相对于传统的犯罪学研究,社区视角下的犯罪研究为我们提供了一种介于宏观社会和微观个体之间的中观视角。这一视角认为,犯罪与社区有着极为密切的联系,犯罪的发生主要源于社区内的社会关系解组。社区内稳定的社会关系具有控制犯罪倾向转化为犯罪行为的功能,相应地,一旦这种稳定社会关系遭到解组,那么犯罪倾向便挣脱了控制而容易转化为犯罪行为。因此,从社区的视角看,要减少犯罪,就必须恢复社区内的社会关系。这一研究思路既能解释我国特定的城市社区为何犯罪问题如此严重,也为预防和减少城市犯罪提供了新的思路。
Compared with traditional criminological studies, the study of criminality from the perspective of community provides us with a medium-sized perspective between macro-society and micro-individuals. This perspective suggests that crime has a very close relationship with the community and that the crime originated mainly from the solution of social relations within the community. The stable social relations in the community have the function of controlling the criminal tendency into a criminal act. Correspondingly, once such stable social relations are unwound, the criminal tendency is easily removed from control and easily converted into criminal behavior. Therefore, from a community perspective, to reduce crime, social relations within the community must be restored. This research idea can not only explain why the crime in a particular urban community in China is so serious, but also provide new ideas for preventing and reducing urban crime.