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合理的企业规模分布是产业结构转型升级和城市层级体系优化的必要条件。从资源错置的视角出发,分析中国企业规模分布特征及其形成机制,实证结果表明,中国企业规模分布偏离了由生产率分布决定的最优。规模扭曲系数与生产率负相关,高效率的企业因“约束”而无法长大,低效率的企业因“补贴”而不合理膨胀。这提高了规模分布的帕累托指数,使得大企业和小企业数量不足,而中间规模企业过多。资源错置破坏了企业规模与生产率的对应关系,造成先进生产力利用不足,落后产能过度扩张,同时削弱了相关产业政策的有效性。
A reasonable distribution of firm size is a necessary condition for the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure and the optimization of the city hierarchy. From the perspective of misplaced resources, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of Chinese enterprises and their formation mechanisms. The empirical results show that the distribution of Chinese companies’ scales deviates from the optimal ones determined by the distribution of productivity. The distortion coefficient of scale is negatively related to productivity. High-efficiency companies cannot grow because of “constraint”, and inefficient companies expand unreasonably because of “subsidy”. This increases the Pareto index of scale distribution, making the number of large companies and small businesses insufficient, and the excessive number of medium-sized companies. Misplaced resources have destroyed the corresponding relationship between enterprise size and productivity, resulting in insufficient utilization of advanced productive forces, excessive expansion of backward production capacity, and weakening the effectiveness of relevant industrial policies.