Liver-related autoantibodies are crucial for the correct diagnosis and classification of autoimmune liver diseas-es(AiLD),namely autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2(AIH-1 and 2),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and the sclerosing cholangitis variants in adults and children.AIH-1 is specified by anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) and smooth muscle antibody(SMA).AIH-2 is specified by antibody to liver kidney microsomal antigen type-1(anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1(anti-LC1).SMA,ANA and anti-LKM antibodies can be present in de-novo AIH following liver transplantation.PBC is specified by antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA) react-ing with enzymes of the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes(chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit) and disease-specific ANA mainly react-ing with nuclear pore gp210 and nuclear body sp100.Sclerosing cholangitis presents as at least two variants,first the classical primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) mostly affecting adult men wherein the only(and non-specific) reactivity is an atypical perinuclear antineutro-phil cytoplasmic antibody(p-ANCA),also termed peri-nuclear anti-neutrophil nuclear antibodies(p-ANNA) and second the childhood disease called autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis(ASC) with serological features resembling those of type 1 AIH.Liver diagnostic serol-ogy is a fast-expanding area of investigation as new purified and recombinant autoantigens,and automatedtechnologies such as ELISAs and bead assays,become available to complement(or even compete with) tradi-tional immunofluorescence procedures.We survey for the first time global trends in quality assurance impact-ing as it does on(1) manufacturers/purveyors of kits and reagents,(2) diagnostic service laboratories that fulfill clinicians’ requirements,and(3) the end-user,the physician providing patient care,who must properly interpret test results in the overall clinical context. Liver-related autoantibodies are crucial for the correct diagnosis and classification of autoimmune liver diseas-es (AiLD), namely autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2 (AIH-1 and 2), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and the sclerosing cholangitis variants in adults and children. AIH-1 is specified by anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and smooth muscle antibody (SMA). AIH-2 is specified by antibody to liver kidney microsomal antigen type- 1 (anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1). SMA, ANA and anti-LKM antibodies can be present in de-novo AIH following liver transplantation. PCC is specified by antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) react- ing with enzymes of the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes (chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit) and disease-specific ANA mainly react-ing with nuclear pore gp210 and nuclear body sp100 .clerosing cholangitis presents as at least two variants, first the classical primary sclerosing cholangitis the only (and non-specif ic) reactivity is an atypical perinuclear antineutro-phil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), also termed peri-nuclear anti-neutrophil nuclear antibodies (p-ANNA) and second the childhood disease called autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) with serological features resembling those of type 1 AIH. Liver diagnostic serol -ogy is a fast-expanding area of ​​investigation as new purified and recombinant autoantigens, and automatedtechnologies such as ELISAs and bead assays, become available to complement (or even compete with) tradi-tional immunofluorescence procedures. We survey for the first time global trends in quality assurance impact-ing as it does on (1) manufacturers / purveyors of kits and reagents, (2) diagnostic service laboratories that fulfill clinicians’ requirements, and (3) the end- the physician providing patient care, who must properly interpret test results in the overall clinical context.