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概率与人们的日常生活息息相关:上保险、买彩票、打甲流疫苗、天气预报……人们无时无刻不在和不确定性打交道,这种不确定性体现的就是概率。同时,如果利用概率进行统计分析,从数据中得出结论,根据结论进行判断和预测,这就是统计。《数学课程标准》(2011年版)构建了“数与代数、图形与几何、统计与概率、综合与实践”四个学习领域。可见,统计与概率作为义务教育阶段数学课程的一个重要内容,自有它的教育价值。
Probability is closely related to people’s daily life: insurance, lotteries, vaccines, weather forecast, etc. People are dealing with uncertainty all the time. This kind of uncertainty reflects probability. At the same time, if we use probabilities for statistical analysis, we draw conclusions from the data and judge and predict based on the conclusions. This is statistics. “Mathematics Curriculum Standards” (2011 edition) has constructed four fields of study: “Number and Algebra, Graphs and Geometry, Statistics and Probability, Synthesis and Practice”. It can be seen that statistics and probability are an important part of the mathematics curriculum in the compulsory education stage and have their own educational value.