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赫尔曼·麦尔维尔创作生涯的第二阶段以短篇小说为主,在这一阶段,麦尔维尔的创作风格由早期的浪漫主义逐渐转向现实主义,他在相对较短的篇幅里,更为集中地体现了他对特定社会问题的剖析和见解。通过对《文书巴托尔比》、《贝尼托·切雷诺》和《水手比利·巴德》三个短篇名作的分析,探讨麦尔维尔在小说中构建真实的方法,其中包括象征手法的使用,对“人性化管理”、“种族优越论”、“司法公正”等谎言的批判以及有别于全知全能的叙述方式。以此构建起来的真实是麦尔维尔短篇小说长久魅力的所在。
The second phase of Herman Melville’s creative career is dominated by short stories. At this stage, Melville’s style of creation turned from early romanticism to realism. In a relatively short space, In order to focus on his analysis of specific social issues and insights. Through the analysis of three short masterpieces of “Bartolbis”, “Benito Cerrena” and “Sailor Billy Bud”, we discuss how Melville builds realistic methods in the novels, including symbolism The use of “humanized management”, “racial superior theory”, “judicial justice” and other lies of criticism and different from the omniscient and versatile narrative. The truth built by this is where the long-term charm of Melville’s short story lies.