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目的了解2003-2015年新疆某三甲医院汉、维吾尔、哈萨克族高血压及合并疾病的情况。方法选择2003年1月-2015年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院高血压科住院患者12 449例,对不同民族、性别、年龄段的高血压患者进行高血压及合并疾病患病情况的分析。结果 12 449例高血压患者中男性6 828例,女性5 621例,男性高血压患者年龄段以41~50岁比例最高,女性高血压患者年龄段以61~70岁比例最高(χ2=584.546,P<0.001)。汉族8 689例,维吾尔族3 359例,哈萨克族401例。汉族高血压患者年龄段以61~70岁比例最高,维吾尔族、哈萨克族高血压患者年龄段以51~60岁比例最高(χ2=263.372,P<0.001)。汉族高血压患者合并脑卒中比例最高,合并左室肥厚、心功能不全比例最低;维吾尔族高血压患者合并冠心病、2型糖尿病、左室肥厚、心功能不全的比例最高;哈萨克族高血压患者合并冠心病、2型糖尿病的比例最低(P<0.001)。女性高血压患者合并腔隙性脑梗塞的比例较男性高(χ2=45.816,P<0.001)。汉、维吾尔族高血压患者合并腔隙性脑梗塞年龄段以61~70岁比例最高,哈萨克族高血压患者合并腔隙性脑梗塞年龄段以51~60岁比例最高(χ2=98.843,P<0.001)。结论新疆不同民族高血压及合并疾病随年龄增加呈增多趋势,且存在性别、民族差异。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and co-morbidities among Han, Uygur and Kazakans in a top-three hospital in Xinjiang during 2003-2015. Methods 12 449 inpatients with hypertension in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2003 to May 2015 were selected to analyze the prevalence of hypertension and comorbidity in hypertensive patients of different nationalities, . Results There were 6 828 males and 621 females in 12 449 hypertensive patients. The highest prevalence was 41- to 50-year-olds in men and the highest was 61- 70-year-olds in female patients (χ2 = 584.546, P <0.001). 8,689 Han, 3 359 Uighurs and 401 Kazakh. The age group of hypertension in Han is the highest in the age group of 61-70 years old, while the age group of the Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups in the age group of 51-60 years is the highest (χ2 = 263.372, P <0.001). Hypertension patients with the highest proportion of stroke, with left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure the lowest proportion of patients with Uygur hypertension with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, the highest proportion of Kazakh patients with hypertension Coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes the lowest proportion (P <0.001). The proportion of female patients with hypertension complicated by lacunar infarction was higher than that of men (χ2 = 45.816, P <0.001). Han and Uighur hypertensive patients with lacunar infarction in the age group of 61 to 70 years the highest proportion of Kazaks hypertension patients with lacunar infarction in the age group of 51 to 60 years the highest proportion (χ2 = 98.843, P < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension and complications in different ethnic groups in Xinjiang shows an increasing trend with age, with gender and ethnic differences.