一、问题提出较小年龄的儿童在对心理状态进行推理的时候会出现困难。如在经典的错误信念任务——Sally-Ann任务中,成人和4岁以上的儿童能够理解Sally的错误信念,但4岁以下的儿童不能通过这个任务,他们倾向于根据物体当前的位置来回答。针对4岁儿童不能通过经典错误信念任务这一现象,研究者先后提出了“概念因素变化观”和“表现因素变化观”两种不同的解释。 I. PROBLEMS Children with a younger age may experience difficulties in reasoning about mental states. As in the classic False Faith Mission - Sally-Ann, adults and children over the age of 4 understand Sally’s false beliefs, but children under 4 can not go through this quest, and they tend to answer based on their current location . In view of the fact that 4-year-old children can not pass the task of classic error belief, the researchers have put forward two different explanations such as “the change of concept factors” and “the change of performance factors”.