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采用放电等离子烧结制备钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)增强铜基复合材料。为作比较,在相同条件下制备了纯铜样品。研究了粒子含量对复合材料显微组织、相对密度、电导率和维氏硬度的影响。利用销-盘装置研究材料在不同条件下的干滑动摩擦行为。干滑动摩擦测试后,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面进行观察。显微组织结果表明增强粒子在铜基体中分布均匀。所有样品的相对密度都达到95%以上。当YSZ含量从0增加至5%(体积分数)时,材料的电导率从99.2%IACS降至65%IACS。Cu-5%YSZ复合材料的硬度比纯铜硬度大两倍。在加载载荷为50 N和滑动距离为1000 m条件下,纯铜的体积损失和磨损率分别为1.48 mm~3和1.5×10-3 mm~3/m。而对于5%YSZ增强的复合材料,其体积损失和磨损率分别降至0.97 mm~3和0.9×10~(-3) mm~3/m。此外,材料的摩擦因数从0.6降至0.4。磨损表面和磨粒观察结果表明纯铜的磨损机理为塑形变形和分层,而对于复合材料,磨损机理为氧化和犁沟。因此,Cu-YSZ复合材料可用于要求具有高电导率和热导率以及耐磨性能的继电器、电流接触器,开关和断路器。
Preparation of Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering. For comparison, pure copper samples were prepared under the same conditions. The effects of particle content on the microstructure, relative density, electrical conductivity and Vickers hardness of the composites were investigated. Study of dry sliding friction behavior of materials under different conditions by pin-plate device. After the dry sliding friction test, the worn surface was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The microstructure results show that the reinforcing particles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix. The relative density of all samples reached more than 95%. When the YSZ content increased from 0 to 5% (volume fraction), the conductivity of the material decreased from 99.2% IACS to 65% IACS. Cu-5% YSZ composite hardness than pure copper twice the hardness. At a load of 50 N and a sliding distance of 1000 m, the volume loss and wear rate of pure copper are 1.48 mm 3 and 1.5 × 10 -3 mm 3 / m, respectively. For 5% YSZ reinforced composites, volume loss and wear rate decreased to 0.97 mm ~ 3 and 0.9 × 10 ~ (-3) mm ~ 3 / m, respectively. In addition, the friction coefficient of the material is reduced from 0.6 to 0.4. Wear surface and abrasive observation results show that wear mechanism of pure copper is deformation and delamination, while for composite, wear mechanism is oxidation and furrow. Therefore, Cu-YSZ composites can be used in relays, contactors, switches and circuit breakers that require high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as wear resistance.