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目的调查高原低氧环境对军人身体指标的影响,以及高原驻训期间军人体格指标的变化,为保障人员体格强健提供参考依据。方法根据《军队营养调查与评价方法》(GJB 1636A-2016)和《中国人民解放军战士身体发育测量及评价》(GJB 1102-91)的方法对驻高原4000~4600 m营区及4300 m野外驻训部队官兵进行体格指标的检测,并根据标准对相关结果进行评价。结果与10年前阿里地区驻训部队人员指标相比,其BMI、上臂肌围、皮褶厚度、体脂含量均增加且接近平原值。4000和4600 m海拔两个单位人员的体格指标无显著差异。野外驻训部队人员上臂肌围显著高于驻营区部队,且BMI、皮褶厚度和体脂含量显著低于驻营区部队。与驻营区部队相比,驻训部队BMI和上臂肌围的构成比无显著差异,而体脂含量偏低的人员比例显著高于驻营区部队,体脂含量正常和偏胖人员比例显著低于驻营区部队。结论驻高原地区军人体格指标不受海拔影响,而随着营养膳食保障力量的提高,军人身体指标得到改善,体内蛋白质和脂肪储备增加。野外驻训部队与驻营区部队军人相比,其肌肉含量更高,体脂更低,体格更健硕。
Objective To investigate the effect of plateau hypoxic environment on military physical indicators and the change of military physical indicators during military training in high altitude so as to provide a reference for safeguarding the physique of military personnel. Methods Based on the methods of Military Nutrition Surveys and Evaluation (GJB 1636A-2016) and Body Physiological Measurements and Evaluation of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Soldiers (GJB 1102-91), field training was conducted in 4000 ~ 4600 m camps and 4300 m in the plateau Military officers and men of the armed forces conducted tests on physical indicators and evaluated the related results according to the standards. Results The BMI, upper arm muscle circumference, skinfold thickness and body fat content all increased and approached the level of the plain value compared with the MRT personnel in Ali area 10 years ago. There were no significant differences in physical indicators between the two units at 4000 and 4600 m above sea level. Field training troops were significantly higher arm muscle circumference than the garrison units, and BMI, skinfold thickness and body fat content was significantly lower than the garrison units. Compared with the troops stationed in the camp, there were no significant differences in the composition ratio of the BMI and the upper arm muscle circumference among the training units, while the proportion of those with low body fat content was significantly higher than that of the troops stationed in the camp area. The proportion of normal body fat and overweight people was significantly lower than Garrison units. Conclusion The military physical indicators in the plateau region are not affected by altitude. With the improvement of nutritional dietary support, the military physical indicators are improved, and the protein and fat reserves in the body are increased. Compared with military personnel in camps, the field training forces have higher muscle mass, lower body fat and more physique.