(一)历史和正在出现的趋势出版业首先诞生在古埃及、希腊和罗马,当时第一个职业抄写员开始在纸莎草纸(papyrus)或者羊皮纸上誊写。公元9世纪中叶之前,中国首先发明了木板印刷。中国在11世纪就使用了活字印刷,这是为避免抄写错误的一种改进。它比被认为是活版印刷发明者的德国人约翰尼斯·古腾堡(Johannes Gutenberg)早了400年。大多数欧洲人喜欢用活版印刷出版《圣经》和公文的标准版本。当然,有些教会、政府和大学的领导人反对活版印刷,因为他 History and Emerging Trends The publishing industry was first born in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, when the first professional scribe began writing on papyrus or parchment. Before the mid-ninth century AD, China first invented woodblock printing. China used movable type printing in the 11th century as an improvement to avoid copying errors. It is 400 years earlier than the German Johannes Gutenberg, considered the inventor of typography. Most Europeans like to use typography to print a standard version of the Bible and official documents. Of course, some church, government, and university leaders oppose typography because of him