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目的 评价新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后的流行病学效果。 方法 收集接种人群历年的报告、现场调查接种情况;分析接种后历年来传染病疫情报告;采用多阶段随机抽样方法,收集接种儿童的血清标本,应用固相放射免疫法(SPRIA)检测血清中乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗-HBs和抗-HBc,并与接种初期的检测结果进行比较。 结果 新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后,其乙型肝炎发病率由接种初期18.59～20.52/10万(x2=58.26,P<0.01)降至0.39～2.38/10万; HBsAg携带率由2.82％降至0.60％,下降约80.00％,(x2=10.75,P<0.01)。 结论 给新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗是预防和控制乙型肝炎病毒感染的有效手段。
Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effects of hepatitis B vaccine on neonates. Methods The epidemiological reports of infectious diseases in the past years after inoculation were collected. The serum samples from the vaccinated children were collected by multi-stage random sampling method. Serum samples were collected by SPRIA Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and compared with the results of the initial vaccination. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in newborns dropped from 18.59 to 20.52 / 100 000 (x2 = 58.26, P <0.01) to 0.39 to 2.38 / 100 000 after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine. The carrier rate of HBsAg decreased from 2.82% To 0.60%, down about 80.00%, (x2 = 10.75, P <0.01). Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination is an effective way to prevent and control hepatitis B virus infection.