马克思恩格斯的意识形态理论,可以划分为宏观、中观、微观三个层次。从宏观层面看就是整个马克思主义,从中观层面看就是马克思主义的唯物史观,从微观层面看就是马克思主义的社会意识理论。这三个层面在马克思主义的形成和发展过程中,实质上是一个问题的三个方面。基于上述思想,对于马克思恩格斯意识形态理论历史发展的研究,其方法论原则是,立足宏观整体,注重中观核心,准确把握微观基础,从总体上全方位考察马克思主义意识形态理论的形成和发展。 Marx and Engels’s ideological theory can be divided into macro, meso, and micro levels. The macro-level view is the whole of Marxism, from a middle-level perspective is Marxist historical materialism, and from a micro perspective it is the Marxist theory of social consciousness. These three aspects are essentially three aspects of a question in the process of the formation and development of Marxism. Based on the above thinking, the methodology of the study of the historical development of Marx and Engels’s ideological theory is based on the macrocosm, focusing on the core of Mifu, accurately grasping the micro-foundation and comprehensively examining the formation and development of Marxist ideological theory.