目的探讨中枢性低钠血症的发病机理、诊断和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析中枢性低钠血症 12例患者 (抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征 6例、脑性盐耗综合征 6例 ) ,通过其临床表现及实验室指标明确诊断 ,确定有效的治疗方法。结果全部患者低血钠得以纠正 ,10例低血钠症状恢复 ,2例仍昏迷。结论低血钠、高尿钠及意识状态改变是中枢性低钠血症的诊断依据 ,抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征应限水治疗 ,脑性盐耗综合征则水化和补盐治疗 Objective To investigate the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of central hyponatremia. Methods Retrospective analysis of 12 patients with central hyponatremia (6 cases of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and 6 cases of cerebrospinal fluid syndrome) confirmed the effective treatment through its clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis method. Results All patients with hyponatremia were corrected, 10 cases of hyponatremia symptoms recovered, 2 cases were still unconscious. Conclusions Hyponatremia, hyperuricemia and changes of consciousness status are the basis of diagnosis of central hyponatremia. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone should be treated with water limitation, and the brain salt consumption syndrome is treated with hydration and salt supplementation