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目的:观察备战2014亚运会期间,国家女子水球队身体成分、专项身体素质和战术训练动作强度分布特征与能量摄入的关系。方法:除守门员外,备战2014亚运会中国国家女子水球队24名队员,(22±4)岁,(23.0±2.3)kg/m2,按水球战术训练角色分为中锋(n=6)、防中锋(n=10)和外线(n=8)3组,进行连续6天的膳食调查,同时采集该周全部战术训练动作强度分布数据,专项游泳成绩和身体成分于膳食调查前一周测量。结果:(1)外线运动员身高、体重和去脂体重显著低于中锋和防中锋,体脂%无组间差异;(2)防中锋运动员10×200 m泳速显著慢于外线,中锋运动员10×50 m泳速显著快于防中锋;(3)战术训练中,外线运动员低强度动作持续时间和训练时间比重显著高于中锋和防中锋,中、高强度对抗时间显著低于中锋和防中锋;(4)外线运动员的日能量摄入总量显著高于中锋;(5)受试队员体重、体脂重量、去脂重量、BMI和体脂%与日能量摄入总量呈显著负相关,宏量营养素摄入量与日能量摄入总量呈显著正相关,专项游泳成绩、低强度战术动作训练持续时间和训练时间比重与能量摄入总量呈显著正相关。结论:战术训练不同强度动作分布特征而非身体成分和专项身体素质,是决定重大比赛备战期间国家女子水球队不同位置运动员能量摄入的重要因素。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between the intensity distribution of body composition, specific physical fitness and tactical training intensity and energy intake during the preparation for the 2014 Asian Games. Methods: In addition to goalkeepers, 24 members of the Chinese National Women’s Water Polo Team for the 2014 Asian Games were (22 ± 4) years old (23.0 ± 2.3) kg / m2. They were divided into center (n = 6) (N = 10) and outside (n = 8) for 6 consecutive days. All the tactical training intensity distribution data of the week were also collected. The special swimming grade and body composition were measured one week before the dietary survey. Results: (1) The height, weight and body fat of the outside athletes were significantly lower than those of the center and the center. The body fat% had no difference between the groups. (2) The swimming speed of center defense athletes 10 × 200 m was significantly slower than the outside and center athletes 10 × 50 m swimming speed significantly faster than anti-center; (3) tactical training, outside athletes low-intensity action duration and training time was significantly higher than the center and against the center, medium and high intensity significantly lower than the center of confrontation and defense ; (4) The daily energy intake of outside athletes was significantly higher than that of the center; (5) There was a significant negative correlation between body weight, body fat weight, fat-free weight, BMI and body fat% There was a significant positive correlation between macronutrient intake and total daily energy intake. There was a significant positive correlation between specific swimming scores, duration of low-intensity tactical training, training time and total energy intake. CONCLUSION: The distribution of tactical training intensity rather than body composition and specific physical fitness is an important factor that determines the energy intake of athletes in different positions of the national women’s water polo team during the preparation for major competitions.