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为摸清河南中牟县万滩镇地区养殖水体区域性问题,降低养殖风险,于2014年3—11月对实验池塘18项水质指标进行跟踪,并利用变异系数法进行分析、评价,从而为池塘水质评价和水质过程管理提供科学量化的依据。结果表明,亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、透明度、活性磷、浊度、溶氧、氧化还原电位等8项指标权重之和达到了80%,综合考虑监测指标间的关联关系和实际情况,最终确定以亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、透明度、活性磷、溶氧、温度、p H等8项指标为池塘日常管理监控因子。该地区主要指标变化范围为:氨氮0~1.0 mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮0~0.5 mg/L,硝酸盐氮0~3.5 mg/L,透明度10~40cm,活性磷0.1~0.8 mg/L,溶解氧3~9mg/L,水温16.9~29.2℃和p H7.22~8.85。该地区池塘在养殖前期出现高p H的现象,是各项因素叠加的综合结果;养殖中后期应重点关注水体的脱氮处理,预防长期高浓度氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮等毒性指标累积带来的风险。本研究为开展针对性的池塘水质调节和养殖过程管理提供参考依据。
In order to find out the regional problems of aquaculture water in Wantan Town of Zhongmou County in Henan Province and reduce the risk of aquaculture, 18 water quality indicators of experimental ponds were tracked from March to November in 2014, and analyzed and evaluated by the method of variation coefficient, Water quality assessment and water quality management process to provide a scientific basis for quantification. The results showed that the sum of weight of eight indicators such as nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, transparency, active phosphorus, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and redox potential reached 80%. Considering the relationship between monitoring indicators and actual The final determination to the daily management of nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, transparency, reactive phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, temperature, p H indicators for the daily monitoring of the pond factor. The main indexes in this area range from 0 to 1.0 mg / L for ammonia nitrogen, 0 to 0.5 mg / L for nitrite nitrogen, 0 to 3.5 mg / L for nitrate nitrogen, 10 to 40 cm for transparency and 0.1 to 0.8 mg / L for active phosphorus , Dissolved oxygen 3 ~ 9mg / L, water temperature 16.9 ~ 29.2 ℃ and p H7.22 ~ 8.85. The phenomenon of high p H in the early stage of aquaculture in ponds in this area is a comprehensive result of superposition of various factors. During the middle and late stages of aquaculture, the detoxification of water body should be emphasized, and the accumulation of long-term high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen should be avoided risks of. This study provides a reference for carrying out targeted pond water quality regulation and culture process management.