1.前言东方红<3>型机车用撒砂装置失灵次数较多,如果使用紧急制动时撒不出砂,机车动轮就容易擦伤,造成严重的经济损失,并给检修车间带来很大压力。沈阳机务段对此很重视,要求乘务员出库前必须做好撒砂器的整备,保证砂子畅通。但在途中撒砂或入库试砂时,来砂率仍不理想。乘务员对撒砂装置多次提出改进要求。1983年初在沈阳铁路局机务处、安全监察室和有关人员支持下,由科研所主持,沈阳机务段参加,进行了东方红<3>型机车撒砂装置改进的研究。通过对撒砂器失灵原因的分析,确定了以减压(减少撒砂器体 1. Introduction Dongfanghong <3> locomotive sanding device with a greater number of failures, if the use of emergency brake sprinkle sand, locomotive wheels easily bruised, resulting in serious economic losses, and to the maintenance workshop is very huge pressure. Shenyang locomotive depot attaches great importance to this, requiring flight attendants out of the library must be prepared before sanding sand to ensure smooth flow of sand. However, on the way sand or storage test sand, the sand rate is still not ideal. Flight attendants put sand device repeatedly proposed improvement requirements. In early 1983, with the support of the Shenyang Railroad Administration, the Safety Supervision Office and the relevant personnel, the scientific research institutes and the Shenyang Depot participated in the study. The research on the improvement of the sanding device for Dongfanghong <3> locomotive was carried out. Through the analysis of the cause of the sand spreader failure, it is determined that the sand spreader body is reduced by reducing the pressure