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每年7月，世界上最有名的自行车赛—环法自行车赛都会在法国及周边国家展开。虽然近来受到兴奋剂丑闻困扰，但这项历史悠久的赛事还是非常值得关注。大家不仅可以观看精彩的自行车比赛，还可以顺便欣赏沿途风光，可谓一举两得。你想知道这项有上百年历史的赛事是如何发展而来的吗？谁才有资格穿上黄色领骑衫？本期“体育时空”将为你详尽介绍。
Tour de France注 is the best-known bicycle race in the world and the most challenging in professional cycling competition. The Tour de France, often called “the Tour,” is held each July. Around 200 competitors race along a
course[竞赛场地] that covers about 3,200 kilometers of European roads. The Tour usually lasts approximately three weeks.
The course of the Tour changes each year. It lies mostly in France, but it has also passed through
neighboring countries such as Belgium, Spain, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. The final stretch[（终点）直道]
of the course always runs along the Champs-Élysées, a famous avenue in Paris. Only about two-thirds of the
cyclists who enter the Tour finish the race.
Tour de France originated[创办] in 1903 because of a feud[不和] between two French sports newspapers.
Le Velo was the original publication. Its competitor,
L’Auto-velo, was founded by a former advertiser who had become unhappy with some of Le Velo’s
editorial[编辑上的] policies.
In January of 1903, Le Velo won a trademark suit[起诉]
against its competitor, and L’Auto-velo was forced to become simply L’Auto.
Fearful that the name change would kill the
newspaper, L’Auto editor Henri Desgrange decided that a major race would create publicity and circulation[发行量].
His cycling reporter, Georges Lefevre suggested a six-day race over roads and through towns rather than on a track.
On January 19th, 1903, L’Auto announced “the greatest cycling trial in the entire world. A race more than a month long: Paris to Lyon to Marseille to
Toulouse to Bordeaux to Nantes to Paris.” With a 20-franc entrance fee, response[响应] was poor. Only 15 riders had signed up by a week before the
scheduled[预定的] May 31st start.
Desgrange postponed[推迟] the race to July 1st,
announced that the first 50 riders were given 5 francs a day for expenses, and increased the prize money to 20,000 francs.
That did it. Within a short time, 60 cyclists had signed. Even though the race had to be postponed once more, to July 19th, it was an enormous success. When winner Maurice Garin entered Paris, a crowd of 20,000 paying spectators[观众] greeted him. And a special edition of L’Auto sold 130,000 copies, 100,000 more than the newspaper’s circulation had been six months earlier.
The basic idea of a race through the country,
broken into stages and based on cumulative[累积的] time, has remained intact[原封不动的] throughout the history of the Tour de France. But Desgrange felt that interest could be sustained[维持] only if the course changed from year to year.
In 1910, he added a stage through the
Pyrenees[比利牛斯山脉（欧洲西南部）] Mountains and the course went through the Alps the following year.
Partway[到中途] through the 1919 race, it occurred to Desgrange that the race leader ought to wear something distinctive[用于辨别的], since spectators along the route often had no idea who was winning. He decided on a yellow jersey[圆领紧身衣], mainly because L’Auto was printed on yellow paper, so the famous yellow jersey was born.
The original race, in 1903, had six stages covering 2,388 kilometers. The Tour de France grew to as many as 24 stages and 5,564 kilometers, but in recent years the distance has ranged from about 3,500 to about 4,000 kilometers.
Entry to the race is by invitation only. Race organizers
invite about 20 teams, each with nine cyclists, to
compete.
Prize money has always been awarded, starting with the first Tour in 1903. From 20,000 francs the first year, the total prize money has increased each year. In 2006, a total of over €3,000,000 was awarded, the winner of the individual general classification receiving €450,000.
环法自行车赛是世界上最著名的自行车比赛，也是专业自行车比赛中最具挑战性的赛事。环法自行车赛通常简称为“the Tour”，每年7月举行。比赛中有近200名参赛者在长达3200千米的欧洲路上展开角逐，赛程通常持续约三周。
每年的比赛路线都有所不同，主要在法国进行，但也会经过比利时、西班牙、德国、卢森堡和瑞士等邻国。比赛的终点段总是设在香榭丽舍大道——巴黎一条闻名于世的大道。只有约三分之二的参赛选手能够完成全程。
环法自行车赛始于1903年，缘起两家法国体育报的一场争端。
《自行车报》是最初的原创报纸。其竞争对手《机动自行车报》则是由一个不满《自行车报》某些编辑政策的旧广告客户所办。
1903年1月，《自行车报》在与《机动自行车报》打的一场商标官司中胜诉，因此《机动自行车报》被迫更名为《机动车报》。
《机动车报》的编辑亨利·德格
朗热担心更名一事会扼杀了这份报纸，认为举办一场大型赛事能够增加报纸的知名度和销量。他的自行车运动记者
乔治·勒菲弗便建议举办一场为期6天的自行车比赛，行程将穿越公路和城镇而不是在赛道上进行。
1903年1月19日，《机动车报》宣布举办“世界上最大型的自行车赛。赛时超过一个月：从巴黎始发，途径里昂、马赛、图卢兹、波尔多、南特，再回到巴黎。”由于要交20法郎的参赛费，反应很冷淡。直至预定开赛日（5月31日）前一周，仅有15名车手报名，
于是，德格朗热把比赛推迟到7月1日，并宣布前50名车手每天可以得到5法郎的补贴，另外将奖金增加到2万法郎。
这招果然见效。在很短时间内就有60名车手前来报名。尽管比赛不得不再次推迟到7月19日，但仍然取得了巨大成功。当冠军莫里斯·加兰进入巴黎时，两万名买票进场的观众向他欢呼致意。《机动车报》的特别版则售出了13万份，比6个月前的销量多了10万份。
在环法自行车赛的历史中，穿越全国、分阶段进行、以累计时间为基础等基本原则被完好地保留下来。但德格
朗热认为只有每年更改线路，人们对这项比赛的兴趣才能持续不减。
1910年，他增加了比利牛斯山赛段，第二年的赛程更经过了阿尔卑斯山。
1919年，在比赛进行到中途时，德格朗热想到领先者应该穿上容易辨认的服装，因为沿途的观众往往不知道谁领先。他决定采用黄色圆领衫，主要是因为《机动车报》是用黄纸印刷的。著名的黄色领骑衫就这样诞生了。
1903年最初的环法自行车赛路线总长2388千米，分为6个赛段。后来，路线总长甚至达到5564千米，共24个赛段。不过近年的比赛路程从3500千米到4000千米不等。
此外，只有受邀者才能参赛。比赛组织者会邀请约20支队伍参赛，每队有9名车手。
从1903年至今，环法自行车赛一直都颁发奖金，总奖金从第一年的2万法郎开始逐年增加。2006年，该赛事的总奖金为300万欧元，其中个人总冠军获得45万欧元。
Tour de France注 is the best-known bicycle race in the world and the most challenging in professional cycling competition. The Tour de France, often called “the Tour,” is held each July. Around 200 competitors race along a
course[竞赛场地] that covers about 3,200 kilometers of European roads. The Tour usually lasts approximately three weeks.
The course of the Tour changes each year. It lies mostly in France, but it has also passed through
neighboring countries such as Belgium, Spain, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. The final stretch[（终点）直道]
of the course always runs along the Champs-Élysées, a famous avenue in Paris. Only about two-thirds of the
cyclists who enter the Tour finish the race.
Tour de France originated[创办] in 1903 because of a feud[不和] between two French sports newspapers.
Le Velo was the original publication. Its competitor,
L’Auto-velo, was founded by a former advertiser who had become unhappy with some of Le Velo’s
editorial[编辑上的] policies.
In January of 1903, Le Velo won a trademark suit[起诉]
against its competitor, and L’Auto-velo was forced to become simply L’Auto.
Fearful that the name change would kill the
newspaper, L’Auto editor Henri Desgrange decided that a major race would create publicity and circulation[发行量].
His cycling reporter, Georges Lefevre suggested a six-day race over roads and through towns rather than on a track.
On January 19th, 1903, L’Auto announced “the greatest cycling trial in the entire world. A race more than a month long: Paris to Lyon to Marseille to
Toulouse to Bordeaux to Nantes to Paris.” With a 20-franc entrance fee, response[响应] was poor. Only 15 riders had signed up by a week before the
scheduled[预定的] May 31st start.
Desgrange postponed[推迟] the race to July 1st,
announced that the first 50 riders were given 5 francs a day for expenses, and increased the prize money to 20,000 francs.
That did it. Within a short time, 60 cyclists had signed. Even though the race had to be postponed once more, to July 19th, it was an enormous success. When winner Maurice Garin entered Paris, a crowd of 20,000 paying spectators[观众] greeted him. And a special edition of L’Auto sold 130,000 copies, 100,000 more than the newspaper’s circulation had been six months earlier.
The basic idea of a race through the country,
broken into stages and based on cumulative[累积的] time, has remained intact[原封不动的] throughout the history of the Tour de France. But Desgrange felt that interest could be sustained[维持] only if the course changed from year to year.
In 1910, he added a stage through the
Pyrenees[比利牛斯山脉（欧洲西南部）] Mountains and the course went through the Alps the following year.
Partway[到中途] through the 1919 race, it occurred to Desgrange that the race leader ought to wear something distinctive[用于辨别的], since spectators along the route often had no idea who was winning. He decided on a yellow jersey[圆领紧身衣], mainly because L’Auto was printed on yellow paper, so the famous yellow jersey was born.
The original race, in 1903, had six stages covering 2,388 kilometers. The Tour de France grew to as many as 24 stages and 5,564 kilometers, but in recent years the distance has ranged from about 3,500 to about 4,000 kilometers.
Entry to the race is by invitation only. Race organizers
invite about 20 teams, each with nine cyclists, to
compete.
Prize money has always been awarded, starting with the first Tour in 1903. From 20,000 francs the first year, the total prize money has increased each year. In 2006, a total of over €3,000,000 was awarded, the winner of the individual general classification receiving €450,000.
环法自行车赛是世界上最著名的自行车比赛，也是专业自行车比赛中最具挑战性的赛事。环法自行车赛通常简称为“the Tour”，每年7月举行。比赛中有近200名参赛者在长达3200千米的欧洲路上展开角逐，赛程通常持续约三周。
每年的比赛路线都有所不同，主要在法国进行，但也会经过比利时、西班牙、德国、卢森堡和瑞士等邻国。比赛的终点段总是设在香榭丽舍大道——巴黎一条闻名于世的大道。只有约三分之二的参赛选手能够完成全程。
环法自行车赛始于1903年，缘起两家法国体育报的一场争端。
《自行车报》是最初的原创报纸。其竞争对手《机动自行车报》则是由一个不满《自行车报》某些编辑政策的旧广告客户所办。
1903年1月，《自行车报》在与《机动自行车报》打的一场商标官司中胜诉，因此《机动自行车报》被迫更名为《机动车报》。
《机动车报》的编辑亨利·德格
朗热担心更名一事会扼杀了这份报纸，认为举办一场大型赛事能够增加报纸的知名度和销量。他的自行车运动记者
乔治·勒菲弗便建议举办一场为期6天的自行车比赛，行程将穿越公路和城镇而不是在赛道上进行。
1903年1月19日，《机动车报》宣布举办“世界上最大型的自行车赛。赛时超过一个月：从巴黎始发，途径里昂、马赛、图卢兹、波尔多、南特，再回到巴黎。”由于要交20法郎的参赛费，反应很冷淡。直至预定开赛日（5月31日）前一周，仅有15名车手报名，
于是，德格朗热把比赛推迟到7月1日，并宣布前50名车手每天可以得到5法郎的补贴，另外将奖金增加到2万法郎。
这招果然见效。在很短时间内就有60名车手前来报名。尽管比赛不得不再次推迟到7月19日，但仍然取得了巨大成功。当冠军莫里斯·加兰进入巴黎时，两万名买票进场的观众向他欢呼致意。《机动车报》的特别版则售出了13万份，比6个月前的销量多了10万份。
在环法自行车赛的历史中，穿越全国、分阶段进行、以累计时间为基础等基本原则被完好地保留下来。但德格
朗热认为只有每年更改线路，人们对这项比赛的兴趣才能持续不减。
1910年，他增加了比利牛斯山赛段，第二年的赛程更经过了阿尔卑斯山。
1919年，在比赛进行到中途时，德格朗热想到领先者应该穿上容易辨认的服装，因为沿途的观众往往不知道谁领先。他决定采用黄色圆领衫，主要是因为《机动车报》是用黄纸印刷的。著名的黄色领骑衫就这样诞生了。
1903年最初的环法自行车赛路线总长2388千米，分为6个赛段。后来，路线总长甚至达到5564千米，共24个赛段。不过近年的比赛路程从3500千米到4000千米不等。
此外，只有受邀者才能参赛。比赛组织者会邀请约20支队伍参赛，每队有9名车手。
从1903年至今，环法自行车赛一直都颁发奖金，总奖金从第一年的2万法郎开始逐年增加。2006年，该赛事的总奖金为300万欧元，其中个人总冠军获得45万欧元。