论文部分内容阅读
溶液临界现象是热力学研究中的一个重要领域,其对于认识临界普适性规律以及理解和应用由于超常临界涨落引起的溶液特殊性质具有重要意义.本文简述了临界现象的基本概念和研究历史,介绍了近年来溶液临界现象的研究进展,重点评述了以下几个方面的理论和实验成果:(1)临界指数与指前因子标度关系在溶液体系中的普适性;(2)完全标度理论的建立、发展及其实验检验;(3)临界区域与非临界区域的跨接现象;(4)多元溶液中的三临界现象;(5)临界溶液中的化学反应速率及平衡常数的奇异性.
The critical solution of solution is an important field in thermodynamics research, which is of great significance for understanding the law of critical universality and understanding and application of the special properties of solution due to supercritical fluctuations.This paper briefly describes the basic concepts and research history of critical phenomena , Introduces the research progress of solution criticality in recent years, and mainly reviews the theoretical and experimental results in the following aspects: (1) The universal relationship of critical index and pre-exponential scale in solution system; (2) Complete (3) Crossing phenomena between critical and non-critical areas; (4) Tri-critical phenomena in multivariate solutions; (5) Chemical reaction rates and equilibrium constants in critical solution Singularity