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目的检测人精子染色体非整倍体率。方法采用双色荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）方法，取少量精标本经洗后制片，用二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）和二碘水杨酸锂（ＬＩＳ）处理，使精子头部染色质去凝集。然后，与生物素标记的α卫星Ｘ染色体特异ＤＮＡ探针（ＤＸＺ１）和地高辛标记的α卫星Ｙ染色体特异ＤＮＡ探针（ＤＹＺ３）进行原位杂交。用ＣＹ３－链亲和素、山羊抗链亲和素检测Ｘ染色体探针杂交信号；用鼠抗地高辛抗体、与荧光素结合的兔抗鼠抗体检测Ｙ染色体探针杂交信号。结果在Ｎｉｋｏｎ荧光显微镜下可以清楚看到精子头部的杂交信号，头部有１个红色荧光杂交信号的精子为Ｘ染色体精子（Ｘ精子），有１个绿色荧光杂交信号的精子为Ｙ染色体精子（Ｙ精子）。精子头部有２个荧光杂交信号的精子为染色体数目异常精子。若用１条常染色体探针和１条性染色体探针进行ＦＩＳＨ，可以区别头部有２个相同颜色荧光杂交信号的精子属非整倍体精子或二倍体精子。结论双色荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）方法，可以用于测定接触致突变剂和非整倍体诱导剂后，人精子染色体非整倍体率的变化。
Objective To detect human sperm chromosome aneuploidy rate. Methods Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to take a small amount of the refined samples and then processed with dithiothreitol (DTT) and lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS) to make the sperm chromatin go Agglutination. Then, in situ hybridization was performed with biotinylated alpha satellite X chromosome specific DNA probe (DXZ1) and digoxigenin labeled alpha satellite Y chromosome specific DNA probe (DYZ3). The hybridization signal of X chromosome was detected by CY3-streptavidin and goat anti-streptavidin. The hybridization signal of Y chromosome was detected by using mouse anti-digoxin antibody and fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse antibody. Results The hybridization signal of the sperm head was clearly visible under the Nikon fluorescence microscope. The sperm with a red fluorescence hybridization signal on the head was X chromosome sperm (X sperm), the sperm with a green fluorescence hybridization signal was Y chromosome sperm (Y sperm). Sperm in the head with two fluorescence hybridization signal sperm chromosome abnormalities for the number of sperm. If using an autosomal probe and a sex chromosome probe FISH, you can distinguish the head of two sperm with the same color fluorescence hybridization signal is aneuploid sperm or diploid sperm. Conclusion Two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method can be used to determine the changes of human sperm chromosome aneuploidy after exposure to mutagens and aneuploid inducer.