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目的分析2006—2014年全国学校食物中毒状况,了解流行病学变化特征,为采取措施有效控制学校食物中毒的发生提供依据。方法用统计学均数、发病率、病死率、构成比、χ2检验、Fisher确切概率法等描述2006—2014年间学校食物中毒总体情况,分析不同致病因素对学校食物中毒的影响,对比全国中毒情况,描述其流行病学特征。结果 2006—2014年全国学校共发生食物中毒655起、中毒28 134人、死亡25人,死亡率0.11/1 000万、病死率0.89‰;微生物中毒人占56.58%;死亡因素化学中毒占80%。学校中毒起数、例数、死亡数占全国食物中毒的13.65~33.87%、20.54~41.15%、0.51~3.64%。2009年后平均每年中毒起数、人数分别下降了77.96%、58.06%,平均每起中毒人数上升了47.46%,不明原因死亡构成比上升了16.67%。结论微生物中毒、化学中毒均是以后防控的重点;2009年《中华人民共和国食品安全法》颁布实施对学校食物中毒产生一定影响,2009年及以后历年学校食物中毒大幅下降原因有待进一步调查研究。
Objective To analyze the status of food poisoning in schools nationwide during 2006-2014 and to understand the characteristics of epidemiological changes so as to provide evidences for taking effective measures to control school food poisoning. Methods The average number of school food poisoning in 2006-2014 was described by statistical mean, morbidity, mortality, composition ratio, χ2 test and Fisher exact test. The effects of different risk factors on school food poisoning were analyzed. Situation, describing its epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 655 food poisoning cases were reported in the national schools from 2006 to 2014, with 28 134 poisonings and 25 deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.11 / 10 million and a case fatality rate of 0.89 ‰. Microbial poisoning accounted for 56.58%, and death-cause chemical poisoning accounted for 80% . The number of school poisoning, the number of cases and deaths accounted for 13.65% to 33.87%, 20.54% to 41.15% and 0.51% to 3.64% of the national food poisonings. After 2009, the average annual number of poisonings has dropped by 77.96% and 58.06% respectively, with an average increase of 47.46% for each poisoning and an increase of 16.67% for unexplained deaths. Conclusions Microbial poisoning and chemical poisoning are the focus of future prevention and control. The promulgation and implementation of “Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China” in 2009 will affect school food poisoning to a certain extent. The reasons for the sharp drop of food poisoning in schools in 2009 and later years remain to be further investigated.