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近代中国社会学的产生不仅受戊戌维新时期“西学东渐”的影响,同时也是中国思想和社会传统自身发育的产物。本文以内在视角出发,通过回到地方史和地域学术传统之中,呈现近代永嘉学人陈黻宸思想的产生与中国社会结构、机制及其历史脉络的关联。这一考察将发现,陈黻宸“民史”观的形成与19世纪中叶以来浙江文人群体的经世传统密不可分。在融合永嘉经制学、陆王心学和章学诚史学,并吸收西方实证主义史学和经验论传统的基础上,陈黻宸赋予了经学典范价值以新的解释,提出以“民史”为核心的总体社会科学学说。这一总体社会科学体系呈现了近代经世文人对19世纪中叶以来人心世变的体察、对社会制度安排的探索,以及对政治理想的追求。
The emergence of modern Chinese sociology is not only affected by the Reform Movement of 1898 and the “Eastward Expansion of Western Learning,” but also the product of the development of Chinese thought and social tradition. This article, starting from the inner perspective, returns to the local history and regional academic traditions to show the connection between the generation of Chen Yongchen and the social structure, mechanism and historical context in modern China. This investigation will find that the formation of Chen T’en-chen’s “History of the People” is inseparable from the tradition of the literati groups in Zhejiang since the mid-19th century. Based on the integration of Yongjia Jingxue, Lu Wangxin and Zhang Xuecheng, and absorbing the Western tradition of positivist historiography and empiricism, Chen Tuan-chen gave a new interpretation of classic value of classics and put forward the general idea of “civil history” as the core Social science theory. This general system of social science presents the modern world literati’s insight into the changing world of the people since the mid-19th century, an exploration of arrangements for social systems, and the pursuit of political ideals.