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霍林河是松嫩平原西部地区科尔沁、向海和查干湖湿地的重要补给水源,其洪泛作用对流域洪泛区环境系统的景观维系起着决定作用。选取流域3个代表测站近50年来的年最大洪峰流量序列,分析流域洪水径流演变的规律及驱动机制,包括自然和人为干扰两方面,可以为流域防洪减灾及洪水资源化利用提供理论依据。霍林河洪水以雨洪型为主,洪水多发于降雨集中的7～8月份,以多峰型居多。累积距平分析表明,霍林河流域洪水径流演变从量级和极端洪水发生频率两方面看,都呈现出阶段性变化特征,流域不同站点在不同阶段的表现略有差异;Mann-Kenndall法分析发现,1985～1990年间,霍林河全流域发生洪水增长突变,流域下游2000年以后的断流现象也达到突变水平;基于Matlab的Morlet小波变换表明,霍林河流域洪水径流主要存在两个尺度上的周期变化,大于30a尺度的年代际周期变化具有广域性,呈现出随时间推移尺度递增的趋势,小于10a尺度的年际周期变化体现局域性,周期振荡能量强;降水作为流域洪水径流演变的主要气候因子,其对流域洪水的作用随着流域空间位置改变,及时间的推移变化呈现出异质性;人类对流域水、土资源的开发利用活动最终导致流域极端水文事件频率加大,造成枯水年下游干涸退化,大水年洪水泛滥成灾的极端状况。未来流域水资源开发利用应以洪水资源化利用为导向,减轻人为干扰程度,留出一定的洪水泛滥空间,可在一定程度上恢复流域退化的洪泛湿地景观。
The Huolin River is an important recharge water source for the Horqin, Xianghai and Chaganhu wetlands in the western part of the Songnen Plain, and its flooding plays a decisive role in the landscape maintenance of the environmental system in the floodplain. By selecting the maximum annual peak flow series of the three representative stations in the past 50 years and analyzing the regularity and driving mechanism of the flood runoff evolution in the basin, including natural and man-made interference, it can provide theoretical basis for flood control and disaster reduction and utilization of flood resources. The Huolin River flood was dominated by flood and flood, which occurred mostly in July and August with heavy rainfall, mostly in multi-peak type. Cumulative anomalies analysis shows that the evolution of flood runoff in the Huolin River Basin shows a periodical variation both in magnitude and frequency of extreme floods, and the performance of different stations in the basin is slightly different at different stages. Mann-Kenndall analysis It is found that during 1985-1990, the flood growth suddenly changed in the whole Huolinghe river basin, and the abrupt change of flow in the lower reaches of the basin reached the level of abrupt change after 2000. Based on the Morlet wavelet transform of Matlab, it was found that there are mainly two scales , The interdecadal period of more than 30a scale has the characteristics of wide area and shows the trend of increasing with time. The interannual period variation of less than 10a scale reflects the local area and the periodic oscillation energy is strong. As the basin flood The main climatic factors of runoff evolution are its heterogeneity with the change of spatial location of watershed and its change with the passage of time. The development and utilization of water and land resources by human beings eventually lead to the increase of the frequency of extreme hydrological events in the watershed Large, resulting in drying up and down the dry years of degradation, flood years flooding extreme conditions. In the future, the development and utilization of water resources in the basin should be guided by the utilization of flood resources, reduce the degree of human disturbance, leave some space for flood flooding and restore to some extent the degraded wet landscape in the basin.