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[目的]增强谷子品质育种目标的针对性和提高选育效率。[方法]对45份29个谷子品种的营养品质性状进行差异性、相关性、主成分与通径分析研究。[结果]营养品质性状在品种间的差异较大变异系数顺序为:粗蛋白>粗纤维>脂肪>水分>总碳水化合物。相关分析结果表明,粗蛋白与总碳水化合物含量间达到极显著负相关(相关系数-0.8224),粗蛋白与脂肪含量间达到显著负相关(相关系数-0.3807),其余各性状间相关性不明显。主成分分析和通径分析表明,粗蛋白、脂肪、总碳水化合物和粗纤维4个性状决定了营养品质变异的97.35%,可作为营养品质育种材料的选择依据,决定系数为1.0000。脂肪、总碳水化合物为育种材料的营养品质的典范性状,应在育种低世代进行选择,而高世代应对粗蛋白、粗纤维性状进行选择。[结论]该研究为选用营养合理、品质优良的谷子新品种提供了理论依据。
[Objective] The research aimed to enhance the target of millet quality breeding and improve the breeding efficiency. [Method] The nutritional quality traits of 45 cultivars of 29 millet varieties were studied on the differences, correlations, principal components and path analysis. [Result] The order of variation coefficient of nutritional quality traits among varieties was: crude protein> crude fiber> fat> moisture> total carbohydrate. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between crude protein and total carbohydrate content (correlation coefficient -0.8224), a significant negative correlation between crude protein and fat content (correlation coefficient -0.3807), and the other correlations were not significant . The principal component analysis and path analysis showed that the four traits of crude protein, fat, total carbohydrate and crude fiber determined 97.35% of the variation in nutritional quality, which could be used as the basis for selection of nutritional quality breeding material with a coefficient of determination of 1.0000. Fat and total carbohydrates are the typical traits of nutritional quality of breeding materials, and should be selected in breeding low generations, while the high generations should choose crude protein and crude fiber traits. [Conclusion] This study provided the theoretical basis for selecting new millet varieties with reasonable nutrition and good quality.