一、前言降低水塔基础工程造价的途径有二:一是改善基础結构形式,如目前在标准設計中釆用的反穹底基础和肋板基础等;二是充分发揮地基的作用,改善地基計算方法。后者潜力更大,因此在选用标准图时,如何根据施工地点的地质及土工試驗資料,合理应用,是值得研究的。目前选择基础尺寸常按允許承載力方法,通过野外荷載試驗确定地基承載力。由于荷載試驗的承压板尺寸远小于实际基础尺寸,因此試驗結果并不能全部反映地基在基础作用下的承載力的实际情况,此外对于粘土类土壤,在荷載——沉陷曲綫上常无明确的比例极限点,給确定承載力带来很大困难,如汉沽专用线水塔基础的地基就是如此。同时这一方法还需要很多的人力财力的消耗,目前国外釆用极限状态設計,1962年的苏联地基設計 I. Preface There are two ways to reduce the cost of foundation works: First, to improve the form of basic structures, such as the anti-dome foundation and floor foundation currently used in standard design; second, give full play to the role of foundation to improve the foundation Calculation method. The latter have greater potential, so how to apply the standard diagram according to the geological and geotechnical test data of the construction site and reasonably apply it is worth studying. The current selection of the basic size often allow the bearing capacity method, through the field load test to determine the foundation bearing capacity. Because the size of bearing plate in load test is far smaller than the actual foundation size, the test results do not fully reflect the actual bearing capacity of foundation under foundation. In addition, for clay soil, there is often no clear Proportional limit points, to determine the carrying capacity of great difficulties, such as Hangu dedicated water tower foundation is the case. At the same time this method also requires a lot of human and financial resources consumption, the current state of the State of preclude the use of extreme design, 1962, the Soviet foundation design