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区域选择激光熔化(SLM)技术是金属模型和零件直接制造方法之一。采用相同激光参数加工不锈钢、工具钢、钛合金、铝合金等金属粉末时,铝合金粉末发生成球结晶现象,而其他金属粉末则形成致密的冶金结合。在模型加工过程中,铝合金粉末表现出铺粉性能差,制成的模型表面质量差等现象。由于不同的金属粉末具有不同的对激光的吸收能力、热传导、比热容、比重等性能,造成了上述加工过程和加工质量的不同。文章分析了具体原因,并采用简化的有限元计算证明了不同材料的热物理性能对这一激光加工过程的影响。
Zone Selection Laser Melting (SLM) technology is one of the direct methods of making metal models and parts. When using the same laser parameters to process stainless steel, tool steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy and other metal powders, the aluminum alloy powder undergoes the phenomenon of spherulization, while the other metal powders form a dense metallurgical bond. During the processing of the model, the aluminum alloy powder shows the poor performance of the powdered flour and the surface quality of the prepared model is poor. Due to different metal powders have different laser absorption, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, specific gravity and other performance, resulting in the above-mentioned processing and processing quality difference. The paper analyzes the specific reasons and uses the simplified finite element analysis to prove the influence of different materials’ thermophysical properties on the laser processing.