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对近几年国内外硬骨鱼类精子超微结构的研究进行了综述。硬骨鱼类精子结构比较原始 ,可明显地分为头部、中段和尾部 ,但各部分结构在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异 ,尤其是精子头部顶体有无植入窝及其发达程度 ,精子中段中心粒复合体的组成、“袖套”结构的对称性、线粒体的分布和形态及精子尾部侧鳍的有无及其发达程度等在不同种属的硬骨鱼体中有一定差异。通过分析这些精子结构的差异 ,可以明显看出种间亲缘关系 ,因此 ,精子超微结构研究在生殖进化生物学研究中具有广阔的前景。对不同硬骨鱼类精子表面大分子物质的分布、精子鞭毛的运动机制、侧鳍与受精率的关系及精子各结构的特征和功能的研究将有利于对硬骨鱼类受精生物学的研究。
In recent years, the research on the ultrastructure of seminal fish in China and abroad are reviewed. Bonefish sperm structure is relatively primitive, can be clearly divided into the head, middle and tail, but the various parts of the structure of different species of bony fish have some differences, especially the sperm acrosome with or without implant and The degree of its development, the composition of the middle sperm central granule complex, the symmetry of the “sleeve” structure, the distribution and morphology of mitochondria, and the presence or absence of the lateral sperm tail side fin and its development in different species of bony fish Some difference. By analyzing the differences of these sperm structures, we can clearly see the genetic relationship between species, therefore, the research of sperm ultrastructure has broad prospects in the research of reproductive evolutionary biology. The study on the distribution of macromolecular substances, the movement mechanism of sperm flagellum, the relationship between the side fins and fertilization rate and the characteristics and functions of each structure of sperms will be helpful to the biology research of bony fish fishes.