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我国能源企业的多元化行为主要受到驱致性因素和引致性因素的影响,其中驱致性因素包括企业生命周期的交替、国家和政策因素以及企业逐利的根本属性,引致性因素包括希望利用企业资源禀赋、寻求生产要素和管理者动机。在能源企业多元化决策中,逐利的根本属性和资源、政策因素往往给企业带来一种驱致性的多元化压力,而希望利用剩余资源、寻求生产要素是能源企业多元化的引致性的主观动因,同时管理者动因也在多元化决策中起着重要作用。在企业多元化经营中也伴随着一系列的伴生效应,如优化资产组合、获得市场势力、节约交易成本等。中广核集团作为我国三大国有核电企业之一,其多元化经营策略主要表现为:在推动核电、铀资源开发的基础上,加强风电、水电、太阳能等非核产业链的布局,实现核能及非核清洁能源的协同发展。中广核的营业利润除了核电带来的收益外,其他经营项目每年带来的营业利润都在10%左右,其多元化经营不仅没有影响发电业务,而且还在一定程度上促进了企业收益的增加。多元化是我国能源企业发展的必然趋势,也是我国的能源战略之一。能源企业应该在发展多元化的过程中注意培育自身的核心竞争力,政府应创造良好的政策、经济环境来促进能源企业的集约化。
The diversification of China’s energy industry is mainly driven by induced and induced factors. Among them, induced factors include the alternation of the enterprise life cycle, the national and policy factors, and the fundamental attributes of the enterprise profit-seeking. The factors that cause such factors include the hope of utilizing Enterprise resource endowment, seeking production factors and managers motivation. In the diversified decision-making of energy enterprises, the fundamental property and resource and policy factors of profit-seeking often bring a kind of diversified pressure caused by enterprises, and hope to use the remaining resources to seek the diversified inducement of production factors The subjective motivation, at the same time manager motivation also plays an important role in diversified decision-making. Diversification in the business is also accompanied by a series of associated effects, such as optimizing the portfolio, access to market forces, saving transaction costs. As one of the three largest state-owned nuclear power enterprises in China, CGNPC’s diversified business strategies mainly include strengthening the layout of non-nuclear industrial chains such as wind power, hydropower and solar energy on the basis of promoting the development of nuclear power and uranium resources to achieve nuclear energy and non-nuclear cleanup The coordinated development of energy. Operating profit of CGNPC Apart from the revenue brought by nuclear power, the operating profit brought by other operating projects is around 10% each year. The diversification not only did not affect power generation business, but also contributed to the increase of corporate profits to a certain extent. Diversification is an inevitable trend for the development of China’s energy enterprises and one of China’s energy strategies. Energy companies should pay attention to nurturing their own core competitiveness in the process of diversified development. The government should create a good policy and economic environment to promote the intensification of energy enterprises.