分析了我国水权制度现状,认为我国仍处于水权无偿划拨的阶段,并从水资源费的缺陷、完善水市场、节水型社会建设以及水利发展需要等方面论述了建立水权有偿出让制度的必要性,提出了水权有偿出让制度的基本框架,包括水权有偿出让的原则、范围、方式、管理机构等内容,特别是作为具体管理依据的控制性指标.通过水权有偿出让制度建设,可以促进水资源优化配置,提高水资源利用效率和效益,并可以为水利建设资金筹集提供新的途径,实现水利事业良性发展. The status quo of water right system in our country is analyzed, and it is considered that our country is still in the stage of free allocation of water right. The paper also elaborates on the establishment of the system of paid water right transfer from the defects of water resource fee, the improvement of water market, the construction of water-saving society and the need of water conservancy development The paper puts forward the basic framework of the system of paid water right, including the principle, range, mode and management mechanism of paid water right, especially as the controlling index of concrete management basis. , It can promote the optimal allocation of water resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of water resources utilization. It can also provide new ways for raising funds for water conservancy construction and realize the sound development of water conservancy.