胡麻是油用亚麻,其综合利用价值非常高。随着胡麻生产的发展,对优异胡麻资源的需求越来越大,胡麻种质的研究和利用已成为推动胡麻产业发展的重要因素。与大宗作物相比,胡麻种质资源利用率较低,品种改良方法仍局限于常规育种手段,现代分子遗传学研究落后,导致胡麻新品种选育进程缓慢,育种效率低下,限制了胡麻产业的进一步发展。本文分别从胡麻植物生物学特征、种质资源收集与利用、品种选育概况及传统遗传学、分子辅助育种等方面的研究进行了综述,供我国胡麻科研工作者参考,并期望对提高国内胡麻遗传研究与育种利用水平有所裨益。 Flax oil is flax, its comprehensive utilization value is very high. With the development of flax production, the demand for excellent flax resources is increasing. The research and utilization of flax germplasm has become an important factor in promoting the flax industry development. Compared with the bulk crops, the utilization rate of flax germplasm resources is low, and the methods for improving varieties are still limited to conventional breeding methods. The backward research in modern molecular genetics has led to the slow breeding process of new flax varieties and low breeding efficiency, Further development. In this paper, the biological characteristics of flax plants, collection and utilization of germplasm resources, overview of breeding varieties and traditional genetics, molecular-assisted breeding and other aspects of research were reviewed for flax researchers in our country and expect to improve domestic flax Genetic research and breeding use of the level of benefit.