目的　描述河南居民伤害死亡的流行病学特点 ,探讨防范重点及其措施。方法　利用 2 0世纪 70年代全人口死亡回顾调查资料和 2 0世纪 80、90年代 1/ 10人口死因登记报告资料 ,进行综合性统计分析和描述性研究。结果　河南人口伤害死亡率 2 0世纪 70年代、80年代和 90年代分别为 6 0 .11/ 10万、6 2 .16 / 10万、5 3.45 / 10万 ,占人口总死亡的 10 %左右。主要伤害死亡为自杀、交通事故、淹死、中毒、跌落、触电、砸死等 ,趋势分析显示 ,交通事故逐年上升 ,而自杀、淹死、中毒等缓慢下降 ,触电致死相对稳定。结论　河南人口伤害危害严重 ,应加强研究监测和防范 Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of death from injury in Henan residents, and discuss the focus and measures for prevention. Methods Comprehensive statistical analysis and descriptive research were conducted using data from the review of deaths in the entire population in the 1970s and data from the cause of death registration in the 1980s and 1990s. Results The mortality rate of Henan’s population injury was 60.11/100,000, 6 2 .16/100,000 and 5 3.45/100,000 in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, respectively, accounting for about 10% of the total deaths in the population. The main injuries were suicide, traffic accidents, drowning, poisoning, falling, electric shock, sudden death, etc. Trend analysis showed that traffic accidents increased year by year, while suicide, drowning, poisoning, etc. slowly declined, and electrocution caused relatively stable deaths. Conclusion The harm to the population of Henan is serious and it is necessary to strengthen research monitoring and prevention