恩格斯曾经指出:“全部哲学,特别是近代哲学的重大的基本问题,是思维和存在的关系问题”(《马克思恩格斯选集》第4卷第219页)。如果我们不把思维和存在看作是毫无意义的抽象,那么就应该肯定,在不同的历史条件下思维和存在及其相互关系会具有不同的内容。不同历史时代的人们,都只能从他们当时的地位、经验、知识和才能出发,对思维和存在的相互关系进行考察,从而揭示和阐明世界的普遍本质和一般规律,并推动人类哲学思维的发展。因此,对思维和存在关系问题作历史和现实的分析,乃是当前坚持和发展马克思 Engels once pointed out: “The major fundamental issue of all philosophy, especially the modern philosophy, is the question of the relationship between thinking and being.” (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 4, p. 219). If we do not think of thinking and existence as meaningless abstraction, then we should affirm that thinking and being and their interdependence will have different contents under different historical conditions. People in different historical periods can only proceed from their current status, experience, knowledge and ability to examine the relationship between thinking and existence so as to reveal and clarify the universal nature and general laws of the world and promote the philosophical thinking of mankind development of. Therefore, an analysis of the history and reality about the relationship between thinking and existence means that at present, Marx upholds and develops Marxism