Objective To observe the effects of metformin on expression of Adenosine 5’-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells(MCs),and explore its reno-protective mechanisms.Methods MCs were cultured in the medium with normal glucose(group NG,5.6mmol/L),high glucose(group HG,25 mmol/L)and different concentrations of metformin(group M1,M2,M3).After 48 h exposure,the supernatants and MCs Objective To observe the effects of metformin on expression of Adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) -activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells MCs were cultured in the medium with normal glucose (group NG, 5.6 mmol / L), high glucose (group HG, 25 mmol / L) and different concentrations of metformin M1, M2, M3). After 48 h exposure, the supernatants and MCs