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目的了解住院病人医院感染现患率及横断面调查抗菌药物使用情况,为有效预防和控制医院感染提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对某教学医院连续3年在相同季节进行医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用情况调查。结果该医院在2012-2014年连续3次横断面调查,实查率在99%~100%;医院感染现患率依次为4.25%、3.27%和2.80%,呈现下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。医院感染部位均以下呼吸道居首位,其次是泌尿道和手术部位感染。连续3年调查当日抗菌药物使用率分别为32.82%、34.01%和34.82%;治疗用药分别为69.76%、61.16%和59.11%;预防用药分别为25.13%、33.54%、和39.55%。治疗用抗菌药物的患者病原学标本送检率分别为56.37%、49.84%和54.65%。结论该医院住院患者医院感染现患率逐年降低,抗菌药物使用基本合理,需进一步加强重点部位感染控制。
Objective To understand the prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients and to investigate the use of antimicrobial agents in cross-sectional studies to provide evidence for effective prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and the use of antibacterials in a teaching hospital for the third consecutive year in the same season. Results The hospital conducted 3 consecutive cross-sectional surveys between 2012 and 2014, with a real examination rate of 99% -100%. The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were 4.25%, 3.27% and 2.80%, showing a downward trend with statistically significant differences P = 0.004). Nosocomial infections were the most common respiratory tract, followed by urinary tract and surgical site infection. The antibacterial drug use rates for the three consecutive years of investigation were 32.82%, 34.01% and 34.82% respectively. The treatment doses were 69.76%, 61.16% and 59.11% respectively. The preventive drugs were 25.13%, 33.54% and 39.55% respectively. The rate of the etiological specimens of patients treated with antibiotics was 56.37%, 49.84% and 54.65% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this hospital is decreasing year by year, and the use of antimicrobial drugs is basically reasonable. It is necessary to further strengthen the infection control in key areas.