论文部分内容阅读
以宗教改革为标志,欧洲在16世纪经历了其古今精神上的一次巨大断裂,导致了上百年的混乱和无序。欧洲政治秩序必须被重建,但这个新秩序必须有一个与以往不同的基础。霍布斯在17世纪中期对这一历史性要求作出了深刻回应,其“自然状态”学说即是为新秩序奠基的第一次伟大尝试。其后,洛克又对霍布斯的“自然状态”学说作出了意义重大的积极回应。本文认为,洛克在对霍布斯“自然状态”学说进行回应的过程中,继受了他的一些前提,但作出了限制,并对某些核心部分进行了关键修正,从而改变了霍布斯理论的绝对主义方向,使“自然状态”学说导向了对自由民主式宪政法治体制的支持。本文的核心内容就在于,重新展现洛克对霍布斯“自然状态”学说回应的几个重要细节,并初步显示洛克的修正对于近代宪政法治之思想与实践的重要理论意义。
Marked by the reformation of religion, Europe experienced its ancient and modern spiritual turmoil in the 16th century, causing hundreds of years of chaos and chaos. The political order in Europe must be rebuilt, but the new order must have a different basis than before. Hobbes responded profoundly to this historic request in the mid-17th century. His “natural state” theory is the first great attempt to lay the groundwork for a new order. Since then, Locke has made a significant and positive response to Hobbes’s “natural state” theory. This paper argues that in the process of responding to Hobbes’s theory of “natural state,” Locke inherited some of his premises but made some restrictions and made some key amendments to certain core parts, The absoluteist direction of Booth’s theory leads the “natural state” theory to support the constitutional system of a free and democratic constitutional government and the rule of law. The key point of this essay is to re-display several important details of Locke’s response to Hobbes’s “state of nature” and to tentatively reveal the important theoretical significance of Locke’s amendment to the thought and practice of the modern constitutional rule of law.