压电堆是压电主动构件的核心作动单元。文章基于压电弹性体的本构关系和一维杆波动理论，考虑其自感应电场的影响，首先推导出压电堆的动力学模型。在此基础上，利用力学等效原理，建立了压电主动构件的等效动力学模型，揭示了压电主动构件的力学工作特性，实验结果表明该等效动力学模型是合理的。 Piezoelectric stack is the core of piezoelectric active components. Based on the constitutive relation of piezoelectric elastomer and the one-dimensional wave theory, considering the influence of self-induced electric field, the dynamics model of piezoelectric stack is deduced first. Based on this, the equivalent dynamic model of the piezoelectric active component is set up based on the mechanics equivalence principle, and the mechanical working characteristic of the piezoelectric active component is revealed. The experimental results show that the equivalent dynamic model is reasonable.