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坎儿井在新疆应用已有悠久的历史,是我国古代劳动人民留下的珍贵历史文化遗产,具有极高的历史文化、科学、生态和经济价值,也是绿洲农业发展史上的一个里程碑。多年来,专家学者从历史文化、起源与技术传播、生态环境、经济价值、社会环境、自然地理等方面进行了较多的研究,但是对坎儿井工程技术方面的研究很少,坎儿井建造过程中的勘探测量技术等方面的研究几乎是空白。该文对古代吐鲁番坎儿井的定向与挖掘工具及坎儿井工程勘探测量中的高差测量方法等水利工程技术方面进行了研究。该项目选择吐鲁番为研究区域,通过文献法、访谈法、实地调查法等手段分析研究坎儿井工程勘探测量技术,并探讨了我国水利工程科技发展史、坎儿井的起源及技术传播过程,认为坎儿井是一个因地制宜的绿洲系统工程,具有很高的科学参考价值。
The application of Karez in Xinjiang has a long history and is a precious historical and cultural legacy left by ancient Chinese working people. It has a high historical, cultural, scientific, ecological and economic value and is also a milestone in the history of oasis agriculture. Over the years, many experts and scholars have done a lot of researches on history and culture, origin and technology communication, ecological environment, economic value, social environment and natural geography. However, few researches have been done on the engineering technology of Karez well. The research on exploration and measurement technology is almost blank. This paper studies the orientation and excavation tools of the Karez well in ancient Turpan and the water level engineering techniques such as the elevation measurement method in the exploration and measurement of the Karez project. The project chooses Turpan as the research area and analyzes the exploration and measurement technology of Karez project through documentary method, interview method and field survey method, and explores the history of science and technology development of China’s water conservancy project, the origin and technical transmission of Karez well, According to local conditions of the oasis system engineering, has a high scientific reference value.