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水泥工业消纳利废的途径是将各种合适的废弃物或经适当加工预处理后的废弃物分别用作水泥的替代原料,或用作水泥窑的替代燃料,或用作混合材。相对而言,这三种利废方式中用作混合材是最简便易行的,来源也多;用作替代原料的往往具有一定的技术难度,来源较有限;用作替代燃料的难度最大,但各种可燃废弃物的来源却在日益扩大之中,数量也呈上升之势。然而,在中国水泥中混合材掺入量超标太多,而且大都作为填充料机械地掺入。今后必须严格监督执行国家标准(GB175-2007),坚决制裁超标或滥掺混合材的行径,加强发掘混合材活性的研发工作,从单纯追求数量转向提升质量的轨道上来。我国利用工业废渣作为替代水泥天然原料资源已取得一定成绩,但我国水泥工业始终对替代燃料不感兴趣,缺乏市场利益驱动,更谈不上什么协同全社会的环保利废责任感。笔者分析认为,在我国当前的具体情况下,一条5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线,采用可燃废料替代25%的煤耗时,其经济效益可与其增设纯低温余热发电的相媲美(包括CO_2减排CDM的收益在内)。
Disposal of waste by the cement industry can be achieved by using various suitable wastes or pretreated wastes, respectively, for use as cement substitutes, as alternative fuels for cement kilns, or as hybrids. Relatively speaking, the three kinds of waste disposal methods used as a mixture is the easiest and more sources; as a substitute for raw materials often have a certain degree of technical difficulty, the source is more limited; as the most difficult to replace the fuel, However, the sources of various combustible wastes have been expanding and their numbers have also risen. However, the amount of mixed material in cement exceeds the standard in China, and most of them are mechanically blended as filler. In the future, we must strictly supervise and enforce the national standards (GB175-2007), resolutely sanction the practice of excessive or indiscriminate mixing of raw materials, and intensify the research and development work to explore the activity of hybrid materials, starting from simply pursuing quantity to improving quality. China’s use of industrial waste as an alternative to cement natural resources of raw materials has made some achievements, but China’s cement industry is always on alternative fuels are not interested, lack of market interest-driven, let alone what the whole synergy of social responsibility environmental benefits of waste. My analysis, in our current situation, a 5 000 t / d cement production line, when the combustible waste material using 25% coal Alternatively, its cost is comparable therewith additional waste heat power generation (including CO_2 Emission reduction CDM included).